Chapter 22 5. Anger starts from the chest, and evil grows from the gallbladder

Yuan Shikai, who served as the president of the Republic of China, destroyed the "Interim Constitution" and took control of the cabinet.Subsequently, the Beiyang Army was strengthened and the Revolutionary Army was disbanded. In 1912, in order to limit Yuan Shikai's dictatorship, Song Jiaoren reorganized the Tongmenghui into the Kuomintang, hoping to reorganize the cabinet through congressional elections. Soon after the congressional elections, the Kuomintang became the largest party in Congress, accounting for 392 seats.Another important group is the United Party, whose dominant figure is Zhang Binglin.In addition, some people established a party under the leadership of Liang Qichao - the Progressive Party.These parties in Congress attempted to balance their relationship with Yuan Shikai. [Picture Note 3-42]

The Kuomintang is the largest party in the Congress, so Song Jiaoren should be the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, and Yuan Shikai, the Prime Minister of the Cabinet, cannot be controlled, and the Congress is in charge.Yuan Shikai first went to buy Song Jiaoren, and gave him 500,000 yuan in cash, which was equivalent to 100 million yuan.Give so much money, Lao Song, take it and spend it.Song Jiaoren was unmoved.In order to prevent the Kuomintang from forming a cabinet, Yuan Shikai sent someone to assassinate Song Jiaoren. [Illustration 3-43] At the same time, Yuan Shikai was preparing to use force to destroy the Kuomintang in the south. He used China's salt tax as collateral to sign a 25 million pound loan contract with Britain, France, Germany, Japan and Russia.

The prospective prime minister was actually assassinated, and public opinion across the country was in an uproar. What do the police do for food?Yuan Shikai also put on a show and ordered a strict investigation.If the police don't know the reason, they will investigate. If the president asks you to deal with it strictly, you should deal with it strictly. Once the police deal with it strictly, the murderer will be caught soon.Do you think there are hooligans who take care of their superiors? We say that the real hooligans pretend to be righteous. I have never heard of those who are in the underworld. This person also said that I did not do it.As a result, it was found on the head of Prime Minister Zhao Bingjun. Zhao Bingjun revealed that there was a high-level order, so who could it be?Everyone knows it.At that time, couplets were pasted on the doors of ordinary people. The first couplet was "Yuan Shikai's eternity", and the second couplet was "Long Live the Republic of China". You have to align the couplets.Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing were extremely sad and indignant, setting off a second revolution.

Li Liejun, governor of Jiangxi, vowed to challenge Yuan in Hukou, but the Kuomintang's power was weak, and the revolution was soon suppressed. The second revolution was short-lived, and Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing were forced to go into exile in Japan.Sun Yat-sen, who had just returned to China for less than two years, began his life in exile again.Sun Yat-sen spent at least half of his life abroad as in China, and this time Sun Yat-sen was extremely sad. He was wanted by the Republic of China he created. Yuan Shikai was triumphant. In his eyes, Sun and Huang had no other skills other than making trouble. What's the use of lip service? If I have more than 100,000 Beiyang troops under my command, you will have to get out of here, so Yuan Shikai is going to play a big game. proclaim oneself emperor.Yuan Shikai first forced the Congress to elect him as the official president. This kind of thing is too much, and it is not uncommon to rape public opinion.Can this Congress elect him?Yuan Shikai knew it well.The Kuomintang is the largest party in the National Assembly. If you drive their leaders to Japan and are wanted all over the country, can people choose you?Yuan Shikai recruited more than 5,000 local hooligans in Beijing. At the price of an ocean a day, he organized a citizen petition group, armed with watermelon knives, bicycle chains, shovels, mop handles, and tied a white cloth strip to his head, and surrounded the Congress.Force members of Congress to elect Yuan Shikai as the official president.

The National Congress of the Republic of China is located in the courtyard of the Xinhua News Agency on Changchun Street today. Members got up in the morning to go in and vote until the first round of voting ended at noon. Once the ballots were cast, Yuan Shikai won less than half of the votes. If he was not elected, the Congress adjourned.At this time, the citizens' petition group stopped the congressmen. If the president is not elected, let me go back and re-elect. "The president who does not belong to the citizens is elected today, and the electors are not allowed to leave the meeting hall." The congressman was at a loss, so he came back to re-election, cursing his mother. At night, Yuan Shikai's vote rate was still not enough, and some congressmen were hungry Fainted, she was not allowed to go to the toilet.The MPs are about to get off work, and the petitioners stormed into the congress hall and beat up the MPs. The police watched and ignored them. A member of the MP stood next to a few petitioners. I see who you write about.Yuan Shikai's confidant Liang Shiyi bought more than 100 MPs at a high price, and the Queen's Citizens' Party was even more active in canvassing and campaigning.From 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., the congressmen were hungry and voted three times in a row. In the end, 507 of the 703 votes were in favor, and Yuan Shikai was elected as the official president.The first president of the Republic of China appeared in the farce.

Yuan Shikai held his inauguration ceremony in the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City.He knew right away when he chose this place, this guy's wolfish ambition is obvious.The presidential oath is just a dozen words, "I have sworn that I have sincerely performed the duties of the President, I solemnly swear." Yuan Shikai read these ten words in four different tones.First read "Yu" aloud, then read "swear to be sincere" in a low voice, and then shouted "sincerely perform the duties of the President" loudly, and finally read "swear", the voice was too low to hear.He whispered all the words that were not good for him.There are gods above my head, if I swear this poisonous oath, what if the gods come to me in the past?

Yuan Shikai's desire to be emperor became stronger and stronger. In order to solve military expenses and improve his personal political status, in the third year of the Republic of China (1914), he began to mint silver coins with Yuan Shikai's head. [Illustration 3-44] After taking office, Yuan Shikai dissolved the Kuomintang, dissolved the Congress, abolished the "Provisional Constitution", and promulgated the "Constitution of the Republic of China", which is actually Yuan's Constitution.Yuan Shikai stipulated that the president of the Republic of China should serve for ten years and be re-elected for re-election. The president of the United States should serve four years and no more than two terms. Our one term is worth two others.Later, Yuan Shikai thought that it would cost money to organize a petition group in ten years, so I decided to have a lifelong president. , hidden in the Golden Chamber Stone House, to be taken out after the death of the president, and one of them will be selected as the president.After Yuan Shikai's death, everyone opened the Golden Chamber and Stone House, and saw the names of Li Yuanhong, Duan Qirui, and Xu Shichang written on the Golden Slips of Jiahe.According to posterity, Yuan Shikai changed the name of his son Yuan Keding to Duan Qirui a few days ago, because he realized that no one would recommend and assist his son as president, which made Yuan Keding do nothing. dream.

At this point, Yuan Shikai is actually the same as the emperor, so let's stop here.Maybe it would be better to use the brand of the Republic of China, but he couldn't think about it. In 1914, when the European War broke out and the great powers had no time to look around, the Japanese proposed "21" to China.Yuan Shikai, as the country's supreme ruler, could neither accept it nor dare to refuse it hastily, and finally signed the "Twenty-One".China is so big that it is always a big meal in the eyes of the big powers. Prepare the knife and fork and eat it as soon as it comes up. [Picture Note 3-45] Some people linked Yuan Shikai's ascension to the throne with Japanese support.In fact, Yuan Shikai is a typical pro-British and American faction, except for Wang Jingwei, who is very rare, and no one wants to be a lackey of Japan.Because whoever has thicker legs in the United States or Japan is a question that can be understood with toes, why don't you hold thick legs and thin legs.Besides, the United States, except for the invasion of China by the Eight-Power Allied Forces, followed by booing, did not launch a single shot in China, did not occupy our land, did not kill our people, did business in China, invested and built factories for us, so the Chinese treat the Americans is very friendly.In modern times until now, there has been such a special phenomenon, that is, Chinese students studying in the United States are pro-American, and they stay in Japan to hate Japan. Those who go to the United States say that the United States is good, and those who come back from Japan scold Japan.The United States has no ethnic or racial discrimination and equal opportunities, so Yuan Shikai will not be pro-Japanese, and Japan will not support Yuan Shikai to proclaim himself emperor.

In the early years of the Republic of China, there was a newspaper called "Shuntian Times" with a large sales volume in China. Yuan Shikai usually only read this newspaper. This was a major way for Yuan Shikai to grasp public opinion. In 1915, Yuan Shikai felt that the reality of his enthronement and proclaiming himself emperor had arrived, because the recent "Shuntian Times" was full of articles urging Yuan to hold the ceremony as soon as possible and hold the enthronement ceremony on an auspicious day.The fortune teller gave Yuan Shikai a horoscope, which coincided with the voice in the newspaper.Coincidentally, the visit of the grave keeper of the Yuan family to Beijing made Yuan Shikai believe that it was time for him to proclaim himself emperor.Not long ago, the grave guards of Yuan’s family rushed to the capital and reported to Yuan Shikai in fear and trepidation: On the side of Yuan Shikai’s great-grandfather’s grave, red lights appeared from time to time at night, like torches, illuminating the surrounding area; a wisteria tree grew beside the ancestral grave. , shaped like a panlong, more than ten feet long.The gravekeeper described it well, and also sent a stone with mottled soil on it. There may be four big characters "destiny returns" on the stone, which is said to have been discovered in Yuan's ancestral tomb recently.

Yuan Shikai believed in the words of "Shuntian Times" the most, coupled with all kinds of nagging hints, which strengthened his determination to be emperor, so Yuan Shikai was busy day and night preparing to become emperor.He first revealed to his cronies: If the people in the world insist that I be emperor, I will do it.As soon as Yuan Shikai's words came out, those entourages understood and immediately organized a "preparation meeting" to promote the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and instigate a farce of petitions.As a result, all kinds of petition groups from all over the country came out one after another, from princes and elders, government bureaucrats, generals of various provinces, and governors.Down to the coachman and the vagrant, everything is included and everything is available.Beijing's beggars and prostitutes in the Eight Great Hutongs were also organized separately, forming beggar petition groups and prostitute petition groups, holding various flags, yelling and rushing to the streets, gathered outside the Xinhua Gate, kneeling and begging to enter the table, begging Yuan Shikai to obey the public opinion, Get enthroned as soon as possible.You said that you, the emperor, were elected by a beggar's petition, so you are not the leader of the beggar gang?

Before proclaiming himself emperor, Yuan Shikai announced the convening of the National Congress, and presumed that the Senate was the general representative of the National Congress.The purpose of convening a congress is to resolve the state system.To be on the safe side, Yuan Shikai asked the representatives of the provinces to walk from the gate of the general's office full of armed soldiers to the voting hall, first listen to the speeches of the general and governor's envoys slandering the republic and praising the constitution of the monarch, and vote under the surveillance of murderous surveillance personnel.There were a total of 1993 representatives from the provinces and countries, exactly 1993 votes in favor of a constitutional monarchy, and there was not a single vote against it, and no invalid vote.The letters of recommendation from all provinces unanimously read: "Congratulations to today's President Yuan Shikai as the emperor of the Chinese Empire, and to enshrine to the emperor the supreme and complete sovereignty of the country, to inherit the sky and build it up, and pass it on forever." The Secretary-General of the Senate took out the prepared The Pushing Book was read aloud in public, and Yuan Shikai was asked to "obey the public opinion, become a great treasure and manage the herds and herds, and act as the supreme and manage the world".All the participants stood up and passed unanimously. At noon that day, Yuan Shikai received a letter of recommendation, and after a look, it was unanimously approved?Send it back immediately and ask for another pick.Everyone, the emperor pretends to be a grandson, let's do it again!At 5 o'clock in the afternoon, the Senate met again. Yuan Shikai's cronies suggested that since the whole country was united and hoped that the president could rule the world, and everyone expected it.It took only 15 minutes for the Office of the Secretary to draft a long text of more than 2,600 characters. The Senate continued to meet, and everyone had no objection to the proposal, so it was submitted to Yuan Shikai that night.In this promotional book, Yuan Shikai is praised for his six "contributors" of Jingwu, Kuangguo, Kaihua, Jingnan, Chaos, and Neighborhood, and invites Yuan Shikai to be called emperor. Yuan Shikai seemed unable to refuse, and also made some high-level remarks, to the effect that he had no choice but to become emperor in order to "save the country and the people".This concludes the performance, thank you for your cooperation! On December 13, 1915, Yuan Shikai ascended the throne at Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai.Dressed in a military uniform with a bare head, he accepted congratulations from civil and military officials and realized his dream. Yuan Shikai acted in the opposite direction, and the whole country was full of voices against Yuan.Sun Yat-sen published the "Declaration to Discuss Yuan", angrily denouncing Yuan Shikai.Liang Qichao also published an article "The So-Called Problem of the National System" to oppose Yuan Shikai's proclaiming emperor.Liang Qichao had always advocated a constitutional monarchy, and wrote an article opposing Yuan Shikai's proclaiming himself emperor. It can be seen that Liang Qichao also saw that Yuan Shikai would not be able to establish a constitution as emperor. Even among Yuan Shikai's long-term followers, there were people who went from deliberately delaying to openly opposing.This is true of Feng Guozhang and Duan Qirui.Duan Qirui was the veteran of Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army. After the Republic of China, he served as the chief of the army. However, due to political disagreements with Yuan Shikai, he retired and returned home. Duan Qirui was willing to leave the mountain until Yuan Shikai no longer insisted on the monarchy. Yunnan is a province not stationed by the Beiyang Army. In 1915, Cai E, Li Liejun and others organized the national defense army in Yunnan and called to discuss Yuan.The Beiyang Army was retreating and losing every day, more than 10,000 soldiers of the National Defense Army divided into three routes to the Northern Expedition, and more than 100,000 Beiyang Army watched the battle. Yuan Shikai's three Beiyang heroes Wang Shizhen lived in seclusion, Feng Guozhang stayed in Nanjing, and Duan Qirui prayed to the West Mountain. No one came out lead the army. [Picture Note 3-46] Yuan Shikai lived his own life as an emperor. One day, Yuan Shikai's daughter asked the girl to buy some spiced crispy broad beans for her to eat. He accidentally discovered that the "Shuntian Times" wrapped in broad beans was very different from the "Shuntian Times" that Yuan Shikai must read every day at home. Because of the discrepancy, he hurriedly found the "Suncheon Times" on the same day to check, and found that the content was fundamentally different.So she took the real "Shuntian Times" to show Yuan Shikai.Yuan Shikai was taken aback, and then found his eldest son Yuan Keding, and after asking, he found out that these were all done by Yuan Keding, who wanted to be the crown prince.Yuan Shikai was so angry that he beat Yuan Keding with a whip and scolded him for deceiving his father and wronging the country.In fact, on the eve of Yuan Shikai's proclaiming himself emperor, the people who watched the grave came to report the news that "the ancestral grave has a red light at night, and a wisteria tree is born with a coiled dragon". It was also directed by Yuan Keding, who was eager to become the prince.Difficult at home and abroad, Yuan Shikai became sick from anger and was forced to announce the abolition of the imperial system. After 83 days as emperor, the imperial system was abolished.But he still wants to stay in the position of president. Sun Yat-sen issued the "Second Proclamation Against Yuan", pointing out that "it was the Yuan family who overthrew the Republic of China and enslaved the five clans with the respect of one surname. Therefore, they regarded it as a public enemy and did not look back. Right and wrong have been revealed to the hearts of the people in the world. It should be carried out vigorously, so as not to leave any trouble for the enemy for a day. After the national thieves are gone, the Republic of China will be at peace.... Yuan Shi has not left, and he should share the task of beating the thieves with the people; The duty of supervision is never to allow those who plot to endanger the Republic of China to be revived in the country.”Yuan Shikai, who was emperor for 83 days, died of uremia and renal failure.The movement to protect the country was successful in form, and the name of the Republic of China was preserved. However, after that, various warlords fought, and China seemed to have returned to the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.