Chapter 18 1. Urgent need of firefighters

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the imperialists stepped up their economic aggression against China. After the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China, the imperialists opened the door to China and achieved their goal of dividing their spheres of influence.Although China was not monopolized by a certain country, it was even worse. It was basically carved up by the big powers and became a joint colony of many countries.In China, the voices of the people's revolution and the overthrow of the Qing rule were louder than ever before, and it was really a sudden turn of events.

Chen Tianhua, a famous democratic revolutionist, wrote two pamphlets, "Returning Suddenly" and "The Alarm Bell", calling on the people to participate in the revolution.He told everyone in very common and plain language that China has become a joint colony of the great powers. Zou Rong, a 19-year-old Sichuan youth, wrote "Revolutionary Army", and Zhang Binglin, a master of Chinese studies, wrote the preface to the book. This strange combination of the old and the young is indeed unexpected. It is the incredible chemistry that the revolutionary movement has produced among the people. manifestation of the reaction.

The content of "Revolutionary Army" includes a wide range of accusations against the Qing Dynasty, using the most inflammatory language to call on the people to carry out revolution. Unity with Italy, and admiration for leaders such as Washington and Mazzini and thinkers such as Rousseau.This kid gave a prescription for China's future: simulate the United States, revolution and independence.Zou Rong's fierce words and Zhang Binglin's preface offended the Qing authorities.After several months of intense efforts, the Qing court finally found a place for the two to have activities.When the police in a certain place were about to arrest them, Zhang Binglin stepped forward and said, "No one else is here, but I am the one who wants to arrest Zhang Binglin!" Zou Rong took advantage of the chaos and escaped through the back door.Zhang Binglin had a rough life. He was a staunch bourgeois revolutionist and a hero who "was hunted down seven times and imprisoned three times, but his ambition for revolution was unyielding".Zhang Binglin was sentenced to three years in prison, Zou Rong two years.

After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao still insisted on the improvement road of constitutional monarchy, and Zhang Binglin confronted Kang Youwei's arguments tit for tat.He pointed out that revolution is a good medicine to get rid of the old and bring forth the new, and realizing a democratic republic is an irresistible historical trend. The root cause of the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911 was China's national crisis. The farewell was the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. Japan defeated Russia, and the aggressive forces expanded to the northeast of our country. The war between the Japanese and Russian imperialists, but the battlefield was in China. The national psychology and national feelings could no longer bear such a situation, and dissatisfaction with the Qing court was like an arrow on the string.

During the Reform Movement of 1898, many people still had hope in the imperial court, while the power of the national bourgeoisie was relatively weak and still depended on the emperor.The Qing government used some small repairs to direct domestic dissatisfaction to imperialism, and formally passed some internal reforms to ease conflicts. Stimulated by foreign powers' investment in China, China's national capitalism developed.The deepening of the invasion of China by the big powers will inevitably lead to the further disintegration of China's natural economy and the further expansion of China's commodity market and labor market.However, development would be restricted and hindered by imperialism and feudalism.The national bourgeois revolutionaries put forward the requirement of overthrowing the Qing government in order to open up the development path of national capitalism.To develop capitalism in China, we must first save China which is riddled with holes.The revolutionaries were deeply aware of the powerlessness of the imperial court. Everywhere in China was on fire, and needed to be overthrown and rebuilt.