Chapter 15 5. The First Sino-Japanese War shocked people

In the 1870s, Western capitalism transitioned to imperialism. They demanded to re-partition the world and step up competition for markets. China became their main target.At that time, China could be said to be the only remaining major country in the world that had not been divided up. Latin America was basically divided up, Australia was gone, and Asia was almost completely divided up. Japan, Siam, and China remained.The big powers are all eyeing China.Before the Tongzhi period, only Britain, Russia and France were among the great powers practicing imperialism.After the door of China was opened, Germany was unified, Italy was unified, and the US central government eliminated the southern independence movement, restored its rule and strengthened its unity.At this time, the eastern imperialist Japan also rose up. During the Guangxu period, we were surrounded by imperialism on all sides.

Who is the most aggressive in this situation?Japan. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan's national strength was strong, but its market was small and its resources were particularly scarce.Especially after the second industrial revolution, steel and oil were 100% dependent on imports, and rubber was all dependent on imports. Of course, it produced a little copper domestically, and produced a very limited amount of things.Its own 370,000 square kilometers of land, the forest coverage rate of nearly 70%, tens of millions of people are concentrated in the 75,400 square kilometers of plains, until today.The population density of Japan is not a little bit higher than that of China, and most of the forests and mountains have no people.Therefore, it desperately needs external expansion, and its external expansion targets are China and North Korea.The Meiji Restoration enabled Japan to break away from Asia and enter Europe. It advanced and retreated with European and American powers.Japan was also a semi-colony at the time, and the unequal treaties were not abolished until 1910, and its national power was not stronger than that of China.It dares to gamble on the fate of the country and launch this war against China.

The world's major capitalist countries are transitioning to imperialism, and Japan's aggression has been supported by Western powers to a certain extent. Why do Western powers support Japan?Will Japan's monopoly of China pose a threat to the interests of Western powers?Everyone wants to carve up China, but China is different from Africa after all. It is a prehistoric civilization, and it is also different from the Banana Republic in Latin America. It is not like India at that time, and has never been unified.China was before 1840, and until 1840, China's gross national product was among the best in the world.If such a powerful and large country is to be divided up, one has to consider who has the strength.He wanted to bite off China, but turned around and lost his teeth. How can this be done?At this time, Little Japan jumped out "without presumptuousness", and I will take the lead. Of course, the Western powers want it, because you are both Asian countries, and you are both of the yellow race. The infighting of the yellow race has nothing to do with Christian civilization. loss.Come on, since Japan is willing to be a pioneer, the imperialists will naturally encourage and support it, especially Britain, which is the most active.

At this moment, "the imperialists' moods are contradictory: they hope for war, especially for the Chinese Empire to break out of foreign wars, because this will not only weaken the empire's national power, but also test the current resistance of the empire - this is very important , because since Chinese pragmatic officials committed themselves to the Westernization Movement, the defense strength of the empire has made the imperialists a little confused. It's just that, except for the Japanese, the imperialists don't want the Japanese to really win, at least It is impossible for the Japanese to achieve a complete victory. Because if this is the case, the benefits the Chinese give to the Japanese will definitely affect their own interests-no matter how big the territory and market of the Chinese Empire are, it is limited.

In 1894, the Korean Donghak Party rebelled, and the Qing government sent troops at the request of the Korean government. The Japanese army also took the opportunity to march into North Korea and provoke a war.In the relationship between China and North Korea at that time, we were the suzerain, and North Korea was a vassal, our vassal state.When the vassal state is in trouble, the suzerain sends troops to quell the chaos on his behalf, which is in line with the suzerain-vassal relationship.Of course, this kind of relationship is completely inconsistent with modern international law, so Little Japan said that I do not recognize North Korea as a vassal state, it is an independent country, you can send troops, and I can send troops. The Qing army enters two thousand, the Japanese army enters eight thousand, and the Qing army As soon as they entered North Korea, the Donghak Rebellion was quickly quelled, but the Japanese army refused to leave and deliberately provoked a war.

The Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War consisted of land battles and naval battles, and there were two land battles, the Battle of Pyongyang and the Battle of Liaodong.There were three naval battles, the Battle of Toshima, the Battle of the Yellow Sea, and the Battle of Weihaiwei. The Battle of Weihaiwei actually involved land and sea. The Sino-Japanese War of Sino-Japanese War was first fought at sea. The Yellow Sea, Toyoshima, and Pyongyang battles belonged to the first stage, and the flames of war did not reach China. Liaodong and Weihaiwei were fought in mainland China.The first was the Toshima naval battle. Because Japan increased its troops and we also increased our troops, the Beiyang navy Jiyuan and Guangyi two ships covered the merchant ships to increase troops to North Korea. The war had not yet broken out.As a result, the three battleships of the Japanese Combined Fleet launched a surprise attack on China without declaring war.The Japanese army came prepared, but we were unprepared, so the Guangyi ship sank and Jiyuan was injured.It is said that Jiyuan's stewards are greedy for life and afraid of death, whether they are greedy for life or not, it's hard to say whether they are afraid of death or not, if they don't die, they will sink together, so the Jiyuan retreated.In this way, the two unarmed merchant ships Gaosheng and Caojiang were exposed to the Japanese army, and the officers and soldiers on Caojiang were captured.The Caojiang is relatively small, an old-fashioned warship with a wooden shell and wooden ribs. It originally belonged to the Nanyang Navy, and was seconded to the Beiyang Navy for communication and transportation. It has 82 officers and soldiers. But it can only barely deal with pirates, and it is impossible to use it as a warship against warships.There was a military pay of 200,000 taels of silver on the Caojiang, which was also seized by Japan.The Gaosheng was a British merchant ship chartered by us. As a result, the Japanese hoisted up a signal flag and demanded that the Gaosheng surrender. More than a thousand soldiers on board refused, shot the Japanese warship with rifles, and then let the European crew leave the ship.The Japanese launched torpedoes and sank the Gaosheng. More than 1,000 soldiers fell into the water, and more than 800 people died for their country.

The Toshima naval battle was tantamount to Little Japan's undeclared war, which first provoked the war.On the second day of the Toshima naval battle, Emperor Dezong issued an edict to declare war on Japan. On the third day, the Japanese emperor also issued an imperial decree, declaring war on China, and the war officially broke out.The first war fought in North Korea was the Battle of Pyongyang.Pyongyang is the ancient capital of North Korea, second only to the capital Seoul.There were 17,000 Qing troops and 16,000 Japanese troops.The Japanese did not have an advantage in military strength, but before the war started, Ye Zhichao, the commander-in-chief of the Qing army, Zhili Admiral, planned to abandon Pyongyang City and retreat to the Yalu River.Zuo Baogui, the commander-in-chief, is a Muslim who firmly advocates resistance.Said, "The enemy's army hangs deep, and it is appropriate to attack it unexpectedly so that it will not return. It dare not peep at the Central Plains. If it retreats without a fight, why should it report to the country against North Korea?"So he is resolutely resisting.Zuo Baogui was guarding the Xuanwu Gate in Pyongyang. During the fierce battle, the guards advised him to take off his red tasseled cap and yellow mandarin jacket. His red and yellow clothes looked like traffic lights. It was so obvious that he was a senior military officer.Zuo Baogui said that I put on this outfit to boost morale. As a result, the Qing army was motivated, and the Japanese army was also motivated. They fired artillery to attack the city, and Zuo Baogui personally commanded the heavy artillery to fight back.During the fierce battle, Zuo Baobao was shot in the leg, and he quickly wrapped the wound with a piece of cloth and stood up to continue to encourage the soldiers to fight.In the end, Zuo Baogui died for his country, and Pyongyang fell.Ye Zhichao ran northward for more than 500 miles in one breath, crossed the Yalu River, and did not even get off his horse. The Japanese army chased them into China.

Almost at the same time as the Battle of Pyongyang, the main force of the Beiyang Navy covered the landing of the army in North Korea, sailed to the Yellow Sea on the way back, encountered the Japanese combined fleet at the Dadonggou at the mouth of the Yalu River, and launched a fierce battle.Ding Ruchang, the admiral of the Beiyang Navy, advocated persistent resistance. Not long after the battle began, the flagship of the Beiyang Fleet, "Dingyuan", had been in disrepair for a long time after being launched for 12 years.Ding Ruchang refused to be carried into the inner cabin by his followers, and insisted on sitting on the deck to supervise the battle.But he could only boost the morale of one ship. As soon as the battle started, the Beiyang Fleet lost its command.The "Zhiyuan" ship of the Beiyang Fleet, which had been rushing forward, was intensively bombarded by the Japanese "Yoshino" and "Takachiho", and was injured in many places, and the hull tilted. "Yoshino" rushed to the front, just in time to meet the "Zhiyuan" ship that was on fire.Guan led Deng Shichang to order the sinking of "Yoshino". The "Zhiyuan" ship rammed into the starboard side of the "Yoshino" at high speed.The officers and soldiers of the Japanese ship turned pale when they saw this, fled desperately, and fired torpedoes at the "Zhiyuan" ship one after another. After "Zhiyuan" was sunk, Deng Shichang fell into the water. His entourage Liu Zhong threw a lifebuoy to him and was pushed aside by him; the torpedo boat No. 1 on the left came to rescue him, but he refused to board the boat and said: "I am determined to kill the enemy and serve the country. If you die in the sea today, righteousness, why do you want to live!"; his pet dog Sun Dog swam to his side, first bit his arm to prevent him from sinking, he pushed the dog away, and the dog grabbed him again the braids of his hair so that his head was out of the water.Determined to live and die with the battleship, Deng Shichang resolutely hugged his pet dog and sank into the rolling waves together.

In addition to Deng Shichang, the leader of the Zhiyuan warship, Lin Yongsheng, the leader of the Jingyuan warship, also died heroically.The Beiyang Navy used to be number one in Asia and number nine in the world.From the perspective of comprehensive strength, not to mention the combined fleet that is stronger than Japan, at least it should be between brothers. When the war started, the Beiyang Navy had 10 warships with 34,000 tons, and Japan had 12 ships with 40,000 tons.The two largest ironclad ships of the Beiyang Navy, Dingyuan and Zhenyuan, are the first-class ironclad ships in the Far East.

Since the establishment of the Beiyang Navy in 1888 to the Sino-Japanese War of 1888, not only did it not add a single ship, it did not even add a single bomb, and the ships were not well maintained.The navy's money was used by the Empress Dowager Cixi to build the Summer Palace.In this way, the Beiyang Navy is old.At that time, warships competed for supremacy at sea, mainly comparing speed and firepower, and firepower mainly depended on the rate of fire.The average speed of the Beiyang Navy is 14.5 knots, that of the Japanese Combined Fleet is 18 knots, and that of the battleship Yoshino of the Combined Fleet is as high as 22 knots.The other is firepower. Although the guns of the Japanese warships are smaller than ours, they have 97 rapid-fire guns, and we have none.Rapid-fire guns are new.When the rapid-fire gun appeared, the navy's military expenditure was used to repair the garden.The Yoshino ship was originally ordered by the Qing Dynasty, and even the deposit was paid, but in the end there was no money to return it.Britain saw that this warship fell into its hands, and the Royal Navy didn't need it, so it sold it to Japan and sold it to you at a discount. Do you want it?Japan is such a poor country, without money, the Meiji Restoration was in 1868, and the Westernization Movement was in 1861, what if there is no money?The emperor donated 300,000 yuan. At that time, the Japanese yen was the silver ocean. Unlike the current Japanese yen, 300,000 yuan is not worth much RMB.Civil and military officials at all levels and members of Congress donated part of their salaries, and the queen donated all her jewelry. In the future, she would only have cherry blossoms on her head.Then public bonds were issued, and the common people rushed to buy them. There were even Japanese female students who sold themselves and donated the money to the country to buy warships like this.

Japan is united in the whole country, the monarch and ministers are one, and the top and bottom are united, and China must be defeated.If you look at us again, the old lady spent 7 million taels of silver on her birthday with naval funds. What is the concept of 7 million taels of silver?Dingyuan and Zhenyuan cost 625,000 taels. The old lady celebrates her birthday, and Beiyang Navy can buy 11 first-class ironclad ships in the Far East.It is no problem for the old lady to spend a birthday to rebuild a Beiyang Fleet.As a result, the money was thrown away.The Empress Dowager Cixi celebrated her 60th birthday. Weng Tonghe and other ministers requested that the birthday be kept simple, save public expenses, and supplement front-line military expenditures. The Empress Dowager Cixi was immediately displeased: "If anyone makes me unhappy for a while, I will make him unhappy for the rest of his life." . Look at the morale of the army.It is said that there was a small soldier in Japan who went to war, and his mother told him, this battle is over, I hope to see you at the Yasukuni Shrine.The implication is that you are not expected to come back alive.During the Battle of Pyongyang, the family letter written by the wife of Wei Rugui, the commander-in-chief of the Qing army, was captured by the Japanese and published in a newspaper in the Japanese army.The letter Wei Rugui's wife wrote to him was, Master Chunqiu is 58 years old, our family has money and land, don't risk your life on the battlefield, run as much as you can.You think the army commanded by this man is not to say that the guns are not as good as people, and that they have no energy at all.People who fight will have the heart of death, and scholars have no thoughts of coveting life.That's good, the commander-in-chief has the idea of ​​running away as soon as he enters the battlefield, and let the soldiers kill you, what a joke. They are all foreign guns and cannons. The Qing army had already used guns and cannons at that time, and did not use dung forks.Swords, spears, bows and arrows are all grandpa's stuff, but it still doesn't work.In the battle of the Yellow Sea, 5 Chinese battleships sank and 5 Japanese ships were severely damaged.The difference between heavy damage and sinking is that the heavy damage can be pulled back to make steel, and we have to fish it up to make steel.Our Dingyuan and Zhenyuan survived more than 200 rounds of shells. They are unsinkable ships, and their main force still exists.If you shoot a small 120mm caliber gun with a rapid-fire gun, you can shoot it, it's okay. However, the imperial court did not allow the Beiyang Navy to continue to fight, which resulted in the surrender of the Yellow Sea's dominance to the enemy.In the battle of Liaodong, the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, except for the resistance led by Nie Shicheng, the commander-in-chief of Taiyuan Town, everyone was defeated at the first touch.In this way, the Japanese army advanced triumphantly all the way, burning the flames of war to the territory of China.During the Battle of Liaodong, Japan carried out the brutal Lushun Massacre.There were more than 20,000 people in the city, and 36 of them were killed. At that time, the military attache of the U.S. embassy in China was watching the Japanese army and was stunned by the Japanese atrocities. He reported to China that the coagulated blood in Lushun City was one foot thick, and there were stumps and broken arms everywhere.The eyes of the people of the world are discerning. The British Allen has described this massacre: "Japanese soldiers chased the fleeing civilians, and used guns and bayonets to deal with everyone; they stabbed people who fell fiercely. In the street Walking up and down, dead bodies can be trampled everywhere.” “It was dark, but the massacre was still going on. Gunshots, shouts, screams and groans echoed everywhere. There was a terrible scene on the street: the ground Soaked in blood, corpses with mutilated limbs lay everywhere; some small alleys were almost blocked by dead corpses. Most of the dead were from the city.” “The Japanese army pierced women’s chests with bayonets and strangled children under the age of two , Deliberately raised it to the sky for people to watch.” Caesarean section and heart-digging were not uncommon in Lushun at that time, and many innocent children died tragically under the Japanese butcher’s knife, and many world media reported on this matter.Japan's atrocities in China have caused an uproar in the world's public opinion. Isn't Japan civilized? How can it be so barbaric?In order to cover up their crimes, Japan hastily collected and cremated the corpses of Chinese people. Some people may only have one finger left. Where can I find it?Regardless of whose ashes were piled together, the ashes filled seven coffins.What kind of concept is this? Look at the big piece at the station where people go, just burn it, if you don’t believe me, try it when you go home, just take a handful.How much do you think seven coffins are?How cruel is Little Japan.A stele was inserted on the grave, and it was written "Tomb of the fallen soldiers of the Qing Dynasty".Are there generals and soldiers in it?No, the generals and soldiers ran away, leaving unarmed and peaceful residents.In addition to rushing all the way to the northeast, the Japanese army occupied Weihaiwei all the way, and the entire Beiyang navy was wiped out.The Beiyang Navy is the most outstanding achievement of the Westernization Movement, and it can no longer fight for this part, so it has to humiliate and sue for peace. The failure of the Sino-Japanese War not only dealt a fatal blow to Li Hongzhang, but also puzzled many people.China is a big country with a population of 400 million and an army of 950,000. It is fighting a self-defense counterattack. Japan is a small country with only 290,000 troops.But in the end the Qing government failed, and Japan staged an absurd drama in which ants swallowed elephants. The Qing government has always only remembered eating meat, not being beaten.The Qing government put down the domestic rebellion, and the great powers competed for each other's interests, so they had no time to take care of China for the time being.After the signing of the "Beijing Treaty", some officials with real power in the Qing government stopped fighting with Britain and France. Western colonists enjoyed vested interests in China with little effort. The nerves of Chinese politicians relaxed a little. I am full of gratitude for the friendliness of Western countries.The Qing government never cared about Japan, a small country next door. Little Japan doesn't know which tendon is stubborn, and it almost never stops thinking about China.It is very fearless, trying to eat China with its weak body. Eating China is its dream in this life, no matter whether the stomach can digest it or not.After the Meiji Restoration, the rapid development of capitalism in Japan may be due to the unhealthy rapid development and the Japanese Bushido spirit, which produced a variant of militarism.Japan became extremely expansive and predatory. In 1855, Japan had a great appetite, and some politicians proposed to occupy Taiwan Island and Luzon, occupy the whole of China, and rule India.This kind of thought has become the mainstream thought in Japan in the near future.Soon this unrealistic idea was concreted and formed into words. Japan issued a "Qing Conquest Strategy", which described the pace of conquest in detail.The frightening thing is that Japan launched a war of aggression in strict accordance with the conquest plan, and almost completely achieved its goal. In any case, the Qing government never thought that the neighbor next door, who was not very rich, was willing to go bankrupt and spend money on wars.It is not our usual style to have a good life and not live a good life, to use force at every turn, and to figure out how to eat others.Taking no precautions against Little Japan was the most blundering step of the Qing government.The Qing Dynasty, which knew nothing about the international situation, was able to coax the Western powers to stop bombarding them. Lafayette should have secretly recited Amitabha Buddha in the palace, let alone make early judgments and be more vigilant. Some people of insight, such as Shen Baozhen, the governor of Liangjiang, and Liu Mingchuan, the governor of Taiwan, saw that "the Japanese should not be underestimated", but the imperial court and most of the political leaders' understanding of Japan was still at the stage of a small country and "don't care about the Japanese".Li Hongzhang, who was responsible for national defense, also believed that "the Japanese were a long-term trouble rather than a near-term worry."At the critical juncture when Japan was putting all its efforts to expand its armaments and the danger of war was approaching, the Qing government instead relaxed its national defense construction and cut military budgets on the grounds of financial constraints. It stopped purchasing warships in 1888 and stopped appropriating the navy in 1891. Expenses for equipment and ammunition.It is in such an unconscious state that China ushered in a war of fate. After the Qing government fought several battles with foreigners, it became very servile.The Empress Dowager Cixi and Prince Gong, who were powerful figures in the Qing court, were all advocates of peace, and Li Hongzhang also firmly advocated "strengthening the peace".From the beginning of the war to the defeat and surrender, they have been committed to seeking the mediation of countries such as Britain, Russia, Germany, France and the United States in order to achieve the goal of peace.Although the defeat in the Korean battlefield caused a certain degree of passivity, it has not yet affected the overall situation.At this time, if the Qing government can recognize the situation, resolutely engage in the anti-aggression war, and adopt the correct strategy, it will definitely be able to defeat the enemy's attack.Diplomacy, like the military, is an important means of national political behavior.Li Hongzhang is too seasoned. He tried to use the conflict of interests among various countries to contain Japan and end the military confrontation between China and Japan. His intentions are understandable.But after all, he did not have much dealings with foreign powers, did not know enough about foreigners, placed too much hope on foreigners, and relaxed his military efforts.He believed that "the great powers must have a place, and there must be an end", and ordered his subordinates to "stand still and not move" and "protect the ship not to lose", which not only delayed military aircraft, but also affected morale. Li Hongzhang first asked the United Kingdom for mediation. He considered Britain's vested interests in China the most, but he did not expect that the United Kingdom and Japan had already made a deal behind the scenes. The United Kingdom even remained silent on the sinking of a Chinese merchant ship by the Japanese army.In this way, China was betrayed by Britain, and Li Hongzhang turned to ask Russia to intervene, but at this time Russia's Siberia Railway had not yet been completed, and Russia did not have enough bargaining chips in the Far East, and did not want to fall out with Japan.Everyone is making their own calculations, and no country is willing to turn against Japan for China.The wily Li Hongzhang miscalculated this time. Li Hongzhang thought that his weapons and equipment were lagging behind Japan, and he didn't have much chance of winning the war. If the general was like this, the outcome of the war can be imagined.Sure enough, during the Sino-Japanese naval battle, Li Hongzhang voluntarily gave up his control of the sea. The Yellow Sea is related to the maritime traffic of the three peninsulas, namely, the Korean Peninsula, the Liaodong Peninsula, and the Shandong Peninsula. Therefore, the control of the Yellow Sea is very important, and Li Hongzhang surrendered it.Such a hesitant war mentality is in stark contrast to Little Japan's determination to insist that China will not relax. In 1895, Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi signed the "Treaty of Shimonoseki". First, cut three islands, the Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan, and the Penghu Islands.Second, pay 200 million taels of silver in compensation.Little Japan is so poor and crazy, the lion opened his mouth wide, how much is one mouth, 200 million!In the past, we also lost millions, tens of millions, and it was over.Japan opened its mouth for 300 million yuan, and no counter-offer was allowed.Rabbits become spirits and are stronger than tigers. Now Li Hongzhang is worried, where will the 300 million be raised? On the way back to the hotel, Li Hongzhang was shot by a Japanese angry youth. Why did the Japanese angry youth assassinate Li Hongzhang?He thought that we could destroy China, so why should we negotiate with him, so he shot Li Hongzhang to death to make the negotiation fail, and then the Japanese imperial army occupied Beijing.There are angry youths in every country, and patriots are more hateful than traitors. He occupies a moral high ground and makes decisions for the country.At that time, did the angry youth in Japan know that there was nothing in the national treasury except rat shit? The assassination of Li Hongzhang made the Japanese government very embarrassed. If Li Hongzhang returned to China angrily, it would not be worthwhile if the battle dragged on.China is so big, when will it be conquered?After decades, it has not been able to conquer China, let alone when its wings are not fully fledged.Therefore, when Japan saw Nakado was injured, he expressed condolences and reduced the compensation by 100 million. If you were shot, you would be reduced by 100 million. Li Hongzhang said, then give me two more shots, and hit me twice. I am worth it. Anyway, I am over seventy years old. There is not much to come.Seventy-three, eighty-four, if Hades doesn't tell me to go by myself, I'll be shot twice more.Of course the Japanese didn't do it, but because Li Hongzhang was shot, the compensation was reduced from 300 million yuan to 200 million yuan. The Beiyang navy trained by Li Hongzhang for more than 20 years was ruined on the bottom of the sea because of this water battle.Since then, the Beiyang Navy has almost completely curled up, invincible and unable to fight again.The reputation of the Huai army is over from now on.The public opinion at that time put a lot of pressure on Li Hongzhang. They all said that Li Hongzhang was fatuous and wronged the country, flattered the sun and betrayed the country, and even hoped that Li Hongzhang would thank the world with his death. Li Ao once questioned whether history was fair to Li Hongzhang? We reviewed that period of history together with Li Ao: "When the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" was signed in 1895, Shimonoseki was called Shimonoseki at that time. They met each other. In Japanese books, we can see clearly that Japan The representative of the party is Ito Hirobumi, and in this photo, we also see Li Hongzhang." After the Sino-Japanese War, Li Hongzhang signed the alliance under the city on behalf of China, and these two figures who were called "Oriental Bismarck" by the West sat together.Li Hongzhang is the idol of the young Ito Hirobumi. The young Ito Hirobumi once visited China during the Restoration period. He advocated the Westernization Movement in the late Qing government and founded Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, Tianjin Machinery Bureau, Beiyang Fleet, Shipping Merchants Bureau, Telegraph Bureau, The Kaiping Mining Bureau sent the first batch of Chinese students to study in the United States, and Mr. Zhongtang, who has the most global vision and responsibility, is full of admiration.Not long afterward, this younger generation met his former idol again, and the status of both parties changed dramatically. "When Ito Hirobumi proposed Taiwan, Li Hongzhang didn't even talk to him about it. You didn't even talk about Taiwan. But the situation is stronger than others. We saw the tone of the Japanese at that time. Look at that A few conversations between Ito Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang, Ito Hirobumi said, Nakado, I am abbreviating this time, but there are only two sentences of "permit" and "not allowed". That is to say, only agree or not, YESORNO two sentences, you are YESORNO promise or not? Li Hongzhang said, is it not allowed to argue? Can I argue with you? Ito Hirobumi said, you can argue, but it cannot be reduced. The conditions I want cannot be reduced. You can argue but cannot be reduced. You Think about what tone this is! Li Hongzhang negotiated with Japan’s Hirobumi Ito under such circumstances.” A weak country has no diplomacy, the fate of the country is like this, and the national power of the Qing Dynasty is extremely weak. In the middle of this process, Li Hongzhang was pushed into such a situation. Very helpless at the top position. "Let's look at Taiwan later. Li Hongzhang said that if he refused to cede Taiwan, what would happen if he refused to cede Taiwan to you? Ito Hirobumi said that if the land to be ceded must be reached by force. If our soldiers go deep into the provinces of Shandong, What will happen? It means, if you don’t give me Taiwan, I will take your Shandong, and I will go to Shandong. Make this assumption, make this threat. What can Li Hongzhang do, should he sacrifice Shandong or sacrifice Taiwan? ?” Japan threatened to go deep into Shandong and enter the provinces, implying that you would rather sacrifice Taiwan or subjugate the country.Li Hongzhang had no choice. How could he not know that once the contract was signed, his reputation would be ruined, and he would still have to bear the infamy after death. "Let's look at the Japanese clamoring to go through the formalities, and it only takes one month. Li Hongzhang said that the time is too late, let's take two months. Li Hongzhang said that there are so many ideas, two months is enough, and it is more appropriate to do things; why is your country in a hurry, Taiwan is already The thing in my mouth. Look at what Ito Hirobumi said. Ito Hirobumi said that I haven’t swallowed it yet, so I’m so hungry. I haven’t swallowed the thing in my stomach. I’m starving to death. Look at this tone, Japanese bastard .” The negotiation between Li Hongzhang and Ito Hirobumi was a negotiation between lambs and wolves.Li Hongzhang has no bargaining chips at all. This 73-year-old man, with the attitude of fighting for every point is one point, fought hard. Li Hongzhang did not want his name to appear on the shameful treaty, but in the end he had to sign the most shameful "Treaty of Shimonoseki" in modern Chinese history. The "Treaty of Shimonoseki" ceded the three major islands of Taiwan, Penghu, and Liaodong to Japan, separating Taiwan from the motherland.It greatly stimulated the ambitions of the great powers to carve up China, and countries competed to divide their spheres of influence in China.If it is said that before the Sino-Japanese War, the great powers still had the last shred of awe of the Qing Empire, after the Sino-Japanese War, this awe was completely gone.Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, we lost all our defeats to Britain and France.Losing to Britain and France is not a shame, who in the world can beat Britain and France?Russia cannot be defeated, the United States cannot be defeated, let alone Australia, and Africa, who can beat you? Isn't Latin America independent from the "two teeth" of Spain and Portugal?So no one can beat Britain and France, and we don't feel ashamed if we lose.Who is being beaten now?Japan, the Japan that has humbled us for more than a thousand years. "With a few ships and tens of thousands of people, I cut off my closest vassals in the first battle, and my capital was shaken in the second battle. In the third battle, I won my strongest Haikou. In the fourth battle, the navy of Weihai replaced me. That's it." The Chinese were lost, and the period of China's kingship in Asia was over.The China-centered system formed since the Han and Tang Dynasties over a thousand years ago was overturned.The First Sino-Japanese War turned the world upside down. Japan’s national strength was inferior to China’s, and it could make China like this. Then the western powers can just look at Japan. Don’t be too polite, come on, let’s compete to divide the sphere of influence in China.Especially after this battle was over, Taiwan went out. In 1895, Taiwan was occupied. Until 1945, when the Anti-Japanese War was won and Taiwan was restored, it was occupied by Japan for 50 years.In the past 50 years, Japan has promoted slavery education in Taiwan. Taiwanese have Japanese names and live and eat according to Japanese styles. Every family cannot provide sacrifices to their ancestors.Every day at noon, the teacher takes the students to worship in the direction of the Tokyo Imperial Palace. The world map in the students' textbooks shows Japan, Taiwan, and North Korea as one color.There is such a passage printed on the title page, "His Majesty the Emperor of Japan loves the native people, the people of the peninsula, and the people of Taiwan like a child." The subjects of His Majesty the Emperor. Decades of enslaved education have trained some traitors like Lee Teng-hui to feel proud of being Japanese. In 1945, Taiwan's economic level was indeed the highest in China. At least it hadn't fought a war for 50 years. The mainland had been in uprisings, revolutions, and wars. Little Japan was engaged in economic construction there.The result of this is that Taiwan's sense of national identity is quite low, and it took four years to come back with great difficulty. The Kuomintang government fled to Taiwan after the civil war ended in 1949, and now it has been 60 years in the blink of an eye.From 1895 to the present 114 years.In these 114 years, Taiwan has only been connected to the mainland for 4 years, and it has been separated for 110 years, so this sense of identity needs to be regained slowly.Who is the instigator of the rampant Taiwan independence forces?Little Japan.If Taiwan hadn't been separated from the motherland this time, would Taiwan independence be possible?Why is Sichuan not independent?Why is Beijing not independent? Secondly, the Qing government was unable to repay the huge indemnity and had to borrow foreign debts. The big powers controlled China's economic lifeline through loans.The annual fiscal revenue of the Qing Dynasty was 88 million, and 200 million was to be given to Japan. Later, it cost 30 million to redeem Liaodong, and 1.5 million to redeem the city of Weihaiwei. It will be paid off in eight years. This sum of money will be old. Where will it come from? Looking for this sum of money?You can only borrow from foreigners.Borrowing foreign debts, I borrowed 300 million taels of silver from the banks of Britain, France, Russia and Germany, and got 265 million taels. I'll have to fix the railway until the loan is paid off.This amount of money is equivalent to 325 million Japanese yen, which is equivalent to the sum of Japan's four-year fiscal revenue. That is to say, if we pay this sum of money, if we don't eat or drink for three years, Little Japan can do nothing for four years. Shit, Japan happened to be in the second industrial revolution at that time and needed funds urgently.China gave the sum of its fiscal revenue for four years, so by the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Japan jumped into the top six imperialist powers, keeping pace with Britain, France, Russia, Germany and the United States. Third, the opening of the treaty ports allowed the aggressive forces to go deep into the mainland of China.After the war, China opened four treaty ports in Suzhou, Hangzhou, Shashi, and Chongqing.Chongqing has reached the hinterland of the Southwest. During the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War, the Nationalist Government led the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing.From the 22nd year of Qianlong, the country was closed to the outside world, and it was exclusively limited to Guangzhou and Qiaktu.After an Opium War, they went to Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo, and Shanghai. Niuzhuang (later changed to Yingkou), Dengzhou (later changed to Yantai), Tainan, Danshui, Chaozhou (later changed to Shantou), Qiongzhou, Nanjing, Jiujiang, Zhenjiang and Hankou were opened after the "Two Crows".The Sino-Japanese "Treaty of Shimonoseki" also opened Chongqing, Shashi, Suzhou, and Hangzhou as treaty ports, and allowed Japan to set up factories to exempt from inland taxes. Fourth, the export of capital and the establishment of factories in China have hindered the development of Chinese national capitalism.This is particularly obvious today. In the Printemps department store in Paris, the best Nike shoes cost more than 50 euros, equivalent to more than 500 yuan, and the French do not buy them.Unless the Nike shoes here are of a style ten years ago, they are not at this price after the discount. Where are these shoes produced?Most of them are produced in China, but it turns out that China is the most expensive, and they are extremely cheap there. Twenty or thirty-one pairs are very good, and the huge profits are made by foreigners.We earn 2.3 yuan for exporting a pair of shoes and 3.51 yuan for exporting a piece of clothing. Most of the money is earned by others.Many years ago, a Barbie doll cost US$9.99 in the U.S. market, imported from China for 2 yuan, shipping cost 1 yuan, and export materials 0.65 yuan, which was equivalent to 0.35 yuan that China earned for making such a doll, and the bulk of it was earned away by others.In the end, it is considered our trade surplus with them, because this thing is MadeinChina.Can you find Nike shoes made in the US, just kidding, how much does that cost?The worker earns 50,000 to 60,000 dollars a year, how much does he pay for a pair of shoes, and how much does it have to be sold to pay the worker?Our Chinese labor is extremely cheap, almost as if we don’t need money.Go back a hundred years, and you won't even be able to earn that three dollars. The most dumbfounding thing is that Russia, Germany, and France intervened to return the Liao Dynasty.Are Russia, Germany, and France forcing Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula to China out of sympathy and friendship with the Chinese people?No, Russia wants to turn Northeast China into Yellow Russia, but it wants to be taken away by Little Japan, and Russia will never agree.Russia's French allies also protested.Germany wants to occupy Shandong, and does not want Liaodong to become Japanese territory, so the three countries protested. Japan saw that the treasury was left with rat shit, and it could not fight against powerful countries. Well, I don’t want Liaodong, but give me money, 30 million two silver.Russia says I have merit, I will return Liaodong for you, Lushun and Dalian belong to me, forced to rent for 25 years, turning Liaodong into Russia's sphere of influence.As a result, the old Maozi failed to live up to it. Ten years later, the Russo-Japanese War was defeated, and the little Japan got the land back. It means that we spent 30 million taels of silver in vain. After going around, the land still belongs to the little Japan. After the "September 18th" incident, it became more thorough. Not only the Liaodong Peninsula, but also the land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty and the mausoleum of Taizu Taizong have all become Japanese territory. If we don't come back, we have to apply for a visa to sweep the grave, and we can't go to the ancestor's grave. ,Pitiful. The Qing government was incompetent, the people of Taiwan had the guts, and the people of Taiwan spontaneously launched a defense war. Over five months and more, there were more than a hundred battles, and more than 30,000 Japanese soldiers were killed or injured. many.日军主力部队近卫师团有一半被消灭，近卫师团和日本的二、三、五、六师团，并称是日军的五大主力，近卫师团在这一仗被消灭了近一半，以后历次战争包括第二次世界大战都没有出动过，就保卫皇宫。近卫师团师团长、陆军中将、明治天皇的叔叔北白川宫能久亲王被击毙，第一旅团长山根信成少将被击毙，整个近卫师团死了一个师团长，死了一个少将旅团长，这个师团长还是皇叔，刘玄德一样的人物。但可惜没能保住台湾。