Chapter 128 (4) Gongan Jingling and the Seven Sons

Jingling is out of public security. Ding Twelve of Liechao Poems "Tan Yuanchun Biography" quoted Zhang Wensi in Jinling as saying: "Bo Jing entered Zhonglang's room①, and his thoughts were extraordinary"; "Xue Fu Yin" also said: "Bo Jing discusses poetry and highly recommends Zhonglang. Those who promote Zhonglang benefit from his words." Weng Qinxi's Fuchuzhai Poetry Collection ③ Volume 70 Zhai's works, because of the discussion of Bai poetry, and sent to Yuting Xiekui": "Bai Suzhai gradually inspired Zhong Tan" ④, he mistaken Boxiu as Zhonglang, and wanted to make do with "Chubai'an" and "Bai'an" ⑤, Suppressed by the public security and Jingling's family law, it is also hearsay ⑥.Looking at Tan Youxia's "Collection" Volume 8 "Preface to Selected Poems of Dongpo" and "Mr. Yuan Zhonglang's Sequel Preface", it is said that Zhonglang's son's narrative has been translated into Jingling ⑦; "Rihua Shu", Volume 3 "Preface to Cai Buxia's Poems", and "Hua Xue Fu Yin" are all written by brother Yu Nai as Yang Ming and Zhu Zi's "Conclusion in Later Years" ⑧, and they cannot stick to family learning and strengthen the barriers of public security.Zhonglang highly recommends Tang Ruoshi⑨, and I saw Chen Boji's "Shiwei" selected Ruoshizi Ji Yun's poems in volume 10⑩, which is impressively written in mausoleum style, and the preface of Fu Zhanheng is appended.Zhonglang is also eager to call Wang Baigu⑾, and a volume of Baiguzi Yifang's poems is selected in "Shiwei", which has the purpose of "non-friend Xia Mo distinguish".Gai Jingling "speaks out" and replaces the public security, "those who promote Zhonglang" benefit the few rather than "benefit the public".

When discussing Ming poetry, later generations always regard Gongan, Jingling, and Qizi as the top contenders⑿; when looking at poets at the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Jingling School and the Qizi style competed for supremacy, and Gongan was outnumbered.Talking about art language at that time to show the truth and confusion. (417-418 pages) Jingling and Gongan worked together to compete for the top, discussing the similarities and differences, and seeing the superiority and inferiority of their opinions, they are like the palm of their hand⒀.Tan rejects all the frivolity and superficiality that Yuan admires; when Yuan sees the Zen language, he sighs that it is super wonderful, but Tan is not harassed by the mantra, and he is sick of it.Gai Sanyuan's discussions are fast, but careless, so the scale is not large, the coherence is not clear, and it is difficult to make a climate.Zhong Tancao chose Fang to demonstrate the tree and swan⒁, because I didn’t see the original, and according to the facts, it never tired Jinliang⒂.Surprised by the four feasts and then sat alone, he was able to establish a sect and establish a religion.

(425 pages) He Ziyi's "Poetry Raft" is quite left-handed to Jingling⒃, and one says: "The main purpose of "Canglang Poetry Talk" does not contain enlightened characters⒄, and the main purpose of Zhong Tan's "Shi Gui" does not contain thick characters⒅. The second book They all have the roots of wisdom." That is to say, Canglang and Jinglingming share the same merit.Xu Dianfa's "Nanzhou Caotang Collection" ⒆ Volume 19 "Yunmen Changgong Xiangxue Poetry Preface" says: "Since Yan Canglang used Zen theory of poetry, there are theories of sound and hearing and Pizhi ⒇, so Zhong Tanyou A secluded, dangerous and strange path is called meditation, which seems to come from comprehension. If there is a Zen in poetry, it is especially subtle.Jiao Guangqi compares Zhong Tan with Yuyang (21), and secretly suspects that Deng Xiaowei has hinted at it (22). Luanya (24), needless to say. However, Zong Huating's (25) is in the shell of the skin, and none of the words are true; those who learn from Lou Shang (26) are accustomed to being frivolous, and there is no simple word. Correct it Zheyang seized the flags of the two families, while Yin strengthened the fortress of the mausoleum; his poems have changed slightly, but the fetus is vivid, which is still the true biography of Zhong Tan's direct school." "Huating", Chen Wozi, "Lou Shang" Wumei Village and Wumei Village are all seven sons who are wiser than their teachers; the one who "takes the two banners" is not Wang Ruan Tingye.Ji Zifa's "Yu Jixuan Poetry Talk" contains the second poem of Ling Yuting's "Once Upon a Time" (27):

"Xincheng re-emerged as Licheng prospered, and Qingxiu won the title of Mulao (28) (Note: At that time, Wang Ruanting was called 'Qingxiu Li Yulin', Qian Muzhai urgently called it, He Ye). Carefully read Yuntixuan In the sentence (29), it is doubtful to get the Jingling Stirrup (Note: There are people in Xincheng who are exactly like Zhong Tan)." However, when Yuyang writes poems, he pays attention to the tone, and he is proud of stealing the secrets that the ancients did not pass on; Mostly, Zhong Tan's theory of ancient people's deep understanding of emotion and reason is only seen in a thousand years, but it is slightly less poetic than tone. Poetry expresses ambition, and sound follows it. Zhong Tan's "The Return of Poems", compared to people, is still dumb.( 30)" Ze Yuyang's poems can be called "inspired by Zhong Bojing", and his poems can be called "Sounding Tan Youxia". (Pages 425-426) ① "Poetry Collection of Liechao": Compiled by Qian Qianyi of Qing Dynasty, anthology of Ming poetry, eighty-one volumes.A biography of the author is attached.In the "Biography of Tan Yuanchun" attached to "Biography of Hammer Xing", Zhang Wensi said: "Bo Jing entered Zhonglang's room." Huguang Jingling native.) It came out of the Gong'an School (Yuan Hongdao, styled Zhonglang), a poetry school in the Ming Dynasty.

②Yuan Xiaoxiu: Ming Yuan Zhongdao characters.There are four volumes of "Ke Xuezhai Recent Collection".Yuan Hongdao, his elder brother Yuan Zongdao, and his younger brother Yuan Zhongdao are collectively called Sanyuan, and they were from Huguang Public Security (now in Hubei).Founder of the Public Security Faction.In literature, the emphasis is on expressing "spirituality", and dissatisfaction with the imitation and retro ideas of the seven masters before and after Ming Dynasty in poetry and prose.Attempt to break through the shackles of Confucianism to a certain extent.Among the three Yuans, Yuan Hongdao has made great achievements.

③ Weng Qinxi: Qing Weng Fang Gang.There are seventy volumes of Fuchuzhai Poetry Collection. ④ Bai Su Zhai: The name of Yuan Zongdao's study, with the word Bo Xiu, was named because he was fond of Bai Juyi and Su Shi's poems.It was Yuan Hongdao, Qi Zhong and Tan, here it was Yuan Zongdao, so he was mistaken. ⑤ Compatibility with "Chubai'an" and "Bai'an": Mistaking Yuan Hongdao for Yuan Zongdao, is it necessary to make up for Bai Suzhai with Chubaizhai (Qingcha Shenxing, named Chubai) and Baizhai (Qing Lu Shaozeng)? ⑥Jingling: A school of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, represented by Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun.Yu Shiwen opposed the imitation of ancient times, but he also regarded the works of the Gong'an school as frivolous, advocating deep and lonely, and pursuing the dangerous and secluded in form, so the works were cold and astringent.

⑦Tan Youxia: Ming Tan Yuanchun characters.There are twenty-three volumes of "Collection". "Tan Youxia Collection? Preface to Selected Poems of Dongpo": "Si Xuan also, Mr. Yuan Zhonglang has a reading copy at home, and I will tell his son who got it." Also "The Preface to the Sequel of Mr. Yuan Zhonglang": "The public security officer Yuan Shuzhi's work is based on the continuation of Zhonglang, which belongs to the preface. He said: 'You cannot learn from your predecessors. Those who learn from your predecessors will also humiliate your predecessors. Those who are not your predecessors are actually your confidants. Only your sons can. The first son of Xu." Judging from these two passages, Yuan Zhonglang's son Shuzhi has become the Jingling School.

8 minor repair: Yuan Zhongdao word.There are also twenty-four volumes of "Ke Xue Zhai Ji". "Ke Xuezhai Collection? Responding to Suzube's Japanese Book": "After Zhonglang, there can be no Zhonglang again, nor can there be Zhonglang again." Also "Cai Buxia Poetry Preface": "It does not follow the poems of the seven sons, nor the undecided poems of Yuan's youth, but just like the reincarnation of the Tang Dynasty. God is good.” Also in “Hua Xue Fu Yin”: “My friend Jingling Zhong Bo pays respect to me, and he is a poetic, elegant, elegant, and every time he pushes Zhong Lang.” In these three articles, Yuan Zhongdao fully affirmed Jingling, turning the police into Jingling.For example, Wang Shouren (Yangming) wrote "The Final Theory of Zhu Zi's Later Years", which described Zhu Zi's theory in his later years as the same as Lu Jiuyuan's theory.

⑨ Tang Ruoshi: Tang Xianzu, a dramatist in the Ming Dynasty. ⑩Chen Boji: Qing Chen Yunheng characters, selection of the first and sequel of "Shiwei". ⑾Wang Baigu: Ming Wang Zhideng characters. ⑿Seven sons before and after: Ming Dynasty poetry genre.The first seven sons are represented by Li Mengyang and He Jingming; the last seven sons are represented by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen.Gong'an, Jingling and the front and back seven schools stand on equal footing. ⒀Arranging the eyebrows to point to the palm: Refers to the eyebrows and the five fingers are arranged very clearly.

⒁ Zhong Xing and Tan Yuanchun co-edited several anthologies of "Shi Gui", which can be used as examples. ⒂ Not tired of Jinliang: still building a bridge to extradite, and unremittingly passing on the works. ⒃ He Ziyi: Ming He Yisun character.There is a volume of "Poetry Raft". ⒄ "Canglang Poetry Talk": written by Song Yanyu, one volume.It is divided into five categories: poem identification, poem style, poem method, poem criticism, and poem evidence, and reviews poems since the Han and Wei dynasties. "Poetry Bian": "In general, the way of Zen lies in witty words, and the way of poetry also lies in enlightenment."

⒅ "Return to Poetry": Ming Zhongxing and Tan Yuanchun edited and edited, fifty-one volumes.Zhong Xing's "Observation with Gao Hai": "Poetry is so thick that there is nothing left to do. ... However, this spiritual heart must be preserved, so that you can read and nourish your energy, so as to make it thick." ⒆ "Nanzhou Thatched Cottage Collection": Compiled by Ming Xu Yun (zi Dianfa), thirty volumes. ⒇ Yan Yu said in "Poetry Bian" that there are Mahayana and Mahayana in the Zen School, and the Mahayana has the orthodox Dharma eye, and enlightenment is the first meaning;Guo Shaoyu's "Canglang Poems and Discussions" said: There are three vehicles in Buddhism: the Bodhisattva Vehicle, the Pizhi Vehicle, and the Shravaka Vehicle.Bodhisattvas can help all living beings, which is called Mahayana; Pizhi and Shravakas only seek self-salvation, which is called Hinayana.Pacchi, the meaning of independent enlightenment in Sanskrit, does not come from a teacher and realizes the Tao alone; the sound hearer refers to someone who realizes the Tao by chanting scriptures and listening to the Dharma. (21) Jiao Guangqi: Jiao Yuanxi in Qing Dynasty.Yuyang: Qing Wang Shizhen, styled Yishang, named Ruanting, also named Yuyangshanren. (22) Deng Xiaowei: Qing Deng Hanyi characters.Known as the leader of Yasong. (23) "New Notes on Chidots": Qing Dynasty Zhou Lianggong Series, twelve volumes. (24) Luanya: Ya refers to Zhengsheng, that is, chaotic Zhengsheng. (25) "Huating", Chen Wozi: Chen Zilong in the Ming Dynasty was born in Huating, Songjiang. (26) "Lou Shang", Wumei Village: In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Weiye's name was Jungong, and his name was Meicun. (27) Jizifa: Qingjifa word.He wrote a volume of "Yujixuan Shihua". (28) Xincheng: Qing Wang Shizhen, a native of Xincheng.Licheng: Li Panlong, from Licheng.It means that Wang Shizhen rose up on behalf of Li Panlong, but it was Li Yulin (Li Panlong) who was handsome and handsome, and got Qian Qianyi (Mu Zhai) praise. (29) Yantixuan: Wang Shizhen's fasting name refers to Wang Shizhen. (30) Dumb: dumb people. Seven sons before and after, Gong'an, and Jingling are several poetry schools in the literary world of the Ming Dynasty.The former seven sons, represented by Li Mengyang and He Jingming, opposed Yang Shiqi, Yang Rong, and Yang Pu's pursuit of elegant forms and whitewashed content.The last seven sons, represented by Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen, pushed the retro imitation of ancient times to a climax and strictly abided by the ancient rules and regulations.The three Yuans of the Gong'an School were dissatisfied with the old-fashioned style of the Seven Sons, and advocated expressing the spirit and spirit independently without sticking to conventions. In a sense, they liberated the style of writing, but fell into vulgarity.The Jingling school opposed both mechanical imitation and vulgar style of writing. They believed that they were correcting the bias of the seven masters and making up for the mistakes of the police, but they fell into a strange and dangerous way. Here are three points clearly pointed out as follows: (1) "Jingling originated from the Public Security Bureau", the Jingling faction was behind the Public Security Bureau in terms of time.Qian Qianyi's anthology "Poems of Lie Dynasty" and "Tan Yuanchun Biography" quoted Zhang Wensi as saying that Zhong Xing "entered Zhonglang's room", Zhongdao, Zhonglang's younger brother, also said that Zhong Xing strongly promoted Zhonglang in his poems, which shows that Zhong Xing's poetic theory came from Yuan Hongdao, a representative of the Gong'an School, and Weng Fanggang, a writer in the Qing Dynasty, also believed that the Yuan family "gradually inspired Zhong Tan".Looking at three Yuan's descendants and followers, such as "Zhonglang's son Shuzhi has been transformed in Jingling"; I am very addicted to Zhong Tan", and the poems are also "remarkably in the mausoleum style"; Wang Zhideng's son Yifang's poems are also indistinguishable from Tan's poems.These examples show that Jingling's poetry theory came from Gong'an.The descendants of Gong'an are not satisfied with the vulgar customs of Gong'an, so they are mostly used in Jingling.Therefore, Yuan Zhongdao’s claim that Zhong Xing’s poems are extremely grandiose: “The one who promotes Zhonglang will benefit the people when his words come out of the world” does not fully conform to the facts of the above examples. It should be noted that later developments and changes have turned more and more to the actual Mausoleum. (2) In the past, when discussing Ming poetry, it was always said that Gongan, Jingling and the Seven Sons were three pillars, and their contributions, disadvantages and influences were comparable. This statement seems to be inaccurate.Because Jingling's poetry theory came from Gong'an, and later surpassed Gong'an, he became "divided in the poetry world and confronted with the flag" ("Supplement to Tan Yilu") with the Seven Sons, and "Gan's innumerable".Deng Xianhe in the Qing Dynasty said in "The Preface to the Complete Works of Yue Guitang": "There are three changes in the poetry of Ming Dynasty", "Chaling is advocated before, and Jingling Palace is behind", and one of the changes is the pseudo-archaic style of Qizi, not Gong'an; Qing Fang Yizhi also said: "To study poetry in modern times, if you don't have seven sons, you should go to Jingling." (The first volume of "Tong Ya") Wang Lin also said: "It's a joke to gather lawsuits, and Wang Li Zhe Zhong Tan" ("Reading Poems of Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties"), compared Wang Shizhen, Li Panlong, Zhong Xing, and Tan Yuanchun For example, He Yisun's "Poetry Raft" also compares Jingling with the Seven Sons, and "examines the long and the short", and there are very few people who refer to the public security.This is about poetry.The remarks of these Qing people reflect that Jingling's influence is indeed far-reaching than that of the police. (3) Why did the Public Security faction oppose Qizi the most violently, but failed to become the opponent of Qizi, and gave way to the Jingling faction. Here are several reasons: First, Zhong Tan co-edited the popular "Gu Shi Gui", "Return to Tang Poetry", Zhong Tan rejected all the "frivolous and superficial" works appreciated by the Gong'an school and the superb works that provoked Zen language. However, the public security faction mostly discusses, without demonstrations, and most of the descendants cannot "stick to family traditions and strengthen the barriers of public security", so "the scale is not large" and "it is difficult to become a climate". Second, from the point of view of literature, He Yisun of the Qing Dynasty highly praised Jingling, and compared it with the poetic theory of Yan Yu, a poetic theorist of the Song Dynasty; In the late Ming Dynasty, Chen Zilong and Wu Weiye, among the seven sons and Jingling, hoped to correct their deviations and make up for their losses, but in fact they still did not leave Jingling. Chen and Wu's poems were nothing more than "The appearance is slightly changed, but the fetal breath is lifelike, which is still the true biography of Zhong Tan's direct school", which means that there are many people who have followed Jingling's poetic style. In the Qing Dynasty, it was Wang Shizhen who was able to combine the beauty of the Seven Sons and Jingling. He was known as a master craftsman in the poetry circle. He was good at ancient prose and poetry. There are also anthologies "Selected Ancient Poems", "Selected Ten Poems of Tang Dynasty", "Selected Poems of Two Schools", "A Collection of Samadhi of Tang Xian", "Ten Thousand Quatrains of Tang People", etc. They are both scholars and literati.In fact, he is just "delicate Li Yulin" and "loud Tan Youxia".