Chapter 106 (6) Synaesthesia and description

Shi Wu's two notes ① are both literal.Yangguan Triple ②, there is sound but invisible, which cannot be conveyed by painting, so it is said: "There is no form in the sound of heartbreak." However, Longmian's brush ③ writes the emotional state of the sad song of farewell, lifelike, and the viewer suffers from hearing the sound in silence Heartbroken, so it is said: "Painting without sound is also heartbroken." It is the principle that hearing complements vision (see page 450 of "Guan Zhui Bian").Dante said in a poem that the statue of the singing team carved on the stone wall is so ingenious. When watching it, you feel that your eyes and ears are in conflict with each other. One sentence: "There is no singing", and the other sentence: "There is singing", which is the difference between this situation.Wang Congzhi's "Hunan Poetry Talk" ⑤ Volume 2 says: "Dongpo inscribed Yangguan map ⑥:

Youmian is uniquely aware of the place of hospitality, and draws the unexpected sound of Yangguan. 'I can say that it is unexpected, but it cannot be said that it is unexpected. "The meaning of Dongpo is the same as that of the valley, and Wang did not understand the purpose of the poem. Cao Zijian's "Qiqi" so-called ⑦ "makes sound in silence", which can be broken. Taibai's "Guanyuan Danqiu Sitting on the Screen of Wushan Mountain" says: sound. "Letian's "Painting Bamboo Song" says: "When you raise your head, it doesn't look like a painting, and you listen quietly to hear the sound." "Jiefu's "Chunfu releases Hui Chong's paintings and asks Yu to write poems" says: "In the evening, the boat sinks in the dark, and the fish in the dark, sleepy, vomiting, rolling like hearing oars." "Dongpo's "Hangan Fourteen Horses" says: "Afterwards, eight horses will drink and walk, and the slight current will kiss like a sound." "

Fang Weng's "Jiannan Poetry Draft" Volume 81 "Exposure of Old Paintings" says: "The magpies are like Xiangyu, and the turbulent waves feel the sound." Volume 9 of Lou Dafang's "Gong Shame Collection" "Inscription Longmian Painting Riding Shooting and Holding a Ball" says: "There seems to be a roaring sound in the silence, and the ink is light and hesitant to be dazzled by the splendor." Cloud ⑩: "A monk waving his arm and waving his hand, watching several scholars sighing and tsk-tsk, it is like hearing a sound." The sentence "Modan" of attacking shame is not written in a state. It is not the auditory supplement to the vision, but the visual supplement.Zhang Yanyuan's "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties" ⑾ Volume 2 "On Painters' Writing on a Couch" section says: "That's why the ink is transported and the five colors are used, which is called pride." Zheng Yifu's "Yunxi Collection" ⑿ Volume 18 "Recording Paintings" says: " Bamboo trees and yellow sparrows are painted in pure light ink, although they are painted in ink, they are like five colors.

Painting by Yun Monk Guanxiu. ⒀" Volume 34 of Li Zengbo's "Ke Zhai Miscellaneous Drafts" "Man Jiang Hong? Jiawu Yixing Fu Sengshe Momei" ⒁ says: "It still depends on an old hand in the ink pool, the grass can be black and white." Wang Yuanmei's "Four Manuscripts of Yanzhou" ⒂ Volume 138 "Sketch Book on Stone Field" said: "It is written in light color and light ink. My family is three years old and one year old. One finger call is correct, the so-called wonderful and true. "Sufficient meaning does not seek color like", although the language is handsome, it seems not enough to explain the public ridicule." Gai Chen Jianzhai's fourth poem in "He Zhang Guichen Ink Plum" says: "Full of meaning Don’t ask for color resemblance, the predecessor is like Ma Jiufanggao”: Yanzhou enters an explanation, which means that the meaning is sufficient and the color can be realized, which is also what Zhang Yanyuan said.

Homer's epic depicts a golden shield⒃, and there are many carved figures, some in battle, or farming. There is a saying: "The plowed field produces soil, and the color of the mud is like black. However, this shield is solidly made of pure gold, and the cover art is fascinating. "Aesthetic theorists praised it as unprecedented, and the purpose of aesthetic similarity has been expressed in these two sentences.Sentences in poems such as stealing shame, Kezhai, etc., are the same as Nai's play; Mo Mei's "grass black can be white", and the ancient Greeks said that white chalk can draw black portraits, especially in contrast. (Pages 317-318) ①History: Annotators of the Song Dynasty.In addition, it refers to Shi Rong's commentary on Huang Tingjian's "Tiyangguan Tu", citing Bai Juyi's "one sound and one heartbroken." Wu: Song Wu Zeng.This refers to Wu Zeng's "Nenggaizhai Manlu" Volume 7 as an annotation for Huang Tingjian's poems, citing Li Shangyin's "Giving a Geisha" "singing Yangguan in the sound of heartbroken".

② Yangguan Sandie: The name of the tune.Tang Wangwei's "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi": "The morning rain in Weicheng is light and the dust is light, and the green willows in the guest houses are new. I advise you to have a glass of wine, and there is no old friend when you leave Yangguan in the west." After entering the Yuefu, I thought it was a farewell song.When singing, the third line is overlapped, so Bai Juyi's "On Wine" says: "When you meet, don't refuse to get drunk, listen to the fourth tone of Yangguan." To fold is to fold the third sentence, so the third sentence becomes the fourth tone.

③Long Mian: Li Gonglin, a painter of the Song Dynasty, who was styled Boshi, returned to Longmian Mountain when he was old, so he was named Longmian Layman. ④Dante: An Italian poet in the 13th and 4th centuries, with "Divine Comedy", which records the three worlds of sleepwalking in hell, the pure world, and the kingdom of heaven, and often uses metaphors to describe his aspirations. ⑤ "Hunan Shihua": written by Jin Wang Ruoxu (word Congzhi), three volumes. ⑥ "Yangguan Picture"? Song Li Gonglin's farewell picture of Yangguan according to Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi" poetic painting.Many poets chanted it.

⑦Cao Zijian: Three Kingdoms Wei Caozhi characters, the son of Cao Cao. ⑧ Fang Weng: Mo Lu You word.He has written eighty-five volumes of "Jiannan Poetry Draft". 9 Lou Dafang: Song Lou Key word.He has written 120 volumes of Gong Sha Ji. 10 Tang Hou: A painting theorist in the Yuan Dynasty, with a volume of "Painting Mirror". ⑾ "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties": written by Tang Zhang Yanyuan, ten volumes. ⑿ Zheng Yifu: Song Zheng Xie.He has written 30 volumes of "Yunxi Ji". ⒀Seng Guanxiu: Tang Seng, originally surnamed Jiang, styled Deyin.

⒁ "Ke Zhai Miscellaneous Drafts": written by Song Li Zengbo, thirty-four volumes, eight additional volumes, and twelve volumes of follow-up drafts. (12) Wang Yuanmei: Ming Wang Shizhen, named Yanzhou Shanren.He wrote 174 volumes of "Four Manuscripts of Yanzhou" and 274 volumes of sequels. ⒃ Homer's epic: refers to. This one talks about a rhetorical technique, that is, the synaesthesia that can communicate the auditory and visual senses. Li Gonglin, a painter of the Song Dynasty, painted "The Picture of Yangguan", which depicts "the sentiment of the sad song of farewell, lifelike", so many people wrote the poem.

Huang Tingjian's "Tiyangguan Picture" says: "There is no form in the sound of heartbreak, and there is no sound in the painting." When singing the three-fold Yangguan song when seeing off, there is sound and invisible, and Li Gonglin can't draw sound, so Huang Shi said "Invisible Even so, it is enough to make people heartbroken. The reason for this is to communicate the visual and auditory senses to produce an artistic effect. Li Gonglin painted the image of chanting, which gives people a visual experience. Although there is no sad sound of chanting, it can mobilize the association of hearing.Just as Bai Juyi wrote in "Pipa Xing", "Silence is better than sound at this time", although there is no sound, it plays a role of sound, even better than sound.Mr. Qian pointed out in "Guan Zhui Bian? Da Yin Xi Sheng" that this kind of rhetorical technique is to "supplement the real perception of eye consciousness with the illusion of ear consciousness".Cao Zhi's "Qiqi" called "making sound in silence", which means that sound is brewing in silence, and in the stillness of music and sound, "big sound can be conceived".Still taking "Pipa Xing" as an example, Bai Juyi wrote that in the female pipa playing, "Never stop and stop for a while", "Silence is better than sound at this time". "Break water and spray, iron cavalry protruding swords and guns" is a sudden explosion after the sound has stopped, a loud and clear sound like a silver bottle breaking, like the rushing sound of water slurry, like the sonorous and high-pitched sound of iron cavalry swords and guns, such a "big sound" "Sound", Bai Juyi cannot be heard by people. He uses the visual image described in words to evoke people's auditory associations as a supplement.Therefore, in Li Bai's "Guanyuan Danqiu Sitting on the Screen of Wushan Mountain", from the picture image of "cold pines and bleakness", you can hear the sound of the pine trees being blown by the wind "like a sound", which is also a visual image that arouses the illusion of hearing. supplemented for it.Bai Juyi's "Sounds of Doubt" in "Painting Bamboo Songs", Wang Anshi's "Sounds Like Hearing Oars" in "Chun Fu's Release of Shi Hui Chong Hua Yao Yu's Poems", Su Shi's "Han Gan Fourteen Horses" "If There Are Sounds", Lu You's "Exposure The "sound of sound" in "Old Paintings" and the "crackling sound" in Lou Yao's "Inscription on Longmian Painting Riding and Shooting Ball Play" are all the rustling bamboo forests, sinking boats and casting nets, horses drinking and walking, and magpies startling. Tao and other visual images, because these images themselves contain sound, the poet will naturally "supplement vision with hearing".As for the pictures of "holding the ball while riding and shooting" and "the attitude of sighing and tsk-tsk", the poet does not need to evoke associations, but will "supplement it with visual self-reliance", thus producing moving artistic power.

Wang Shizhen said in "The Book of Sketching on Stone Fields": "Sufficient meaning does not seek color similarity." The so-called sufficient meaning means that the meaning is wonderful and fascinating, that is, it has the artistic power to communicate with people's various feelings. For example, Chinese ink paintings are all or Thick or light ink color can draw a moving snow scene, such as Song Fankuan's "Snow Scene and Cold Forest Picture", in which there are towering peaks, cold forest, white house next to the mountain, shore Zhu Tingzhou, covered with white snow, vast , so that water, sky, snow, and fog constitute an awe-inspiring, profound and charming scene. Tang Hou commented: "Seeing it makes people feel dizzy" ("Hua Jian"), which is the artistic power produced by this painting. It not only gives people a kind of aesthetic enjoyment, but also makes people feel like they are on the scene, making people feel that they are in the snowy mountains and cold forests.What Fan Kuan relies on is not colorful, but just the contrast of black and white.The ancient Greeks said that white powder can paint black portraits for the same reason, let them complement each other.