Chapter 42 5, but replace the old symbols with new peaches

The Kuomintang army suffered a series of disastrous defeats in the three major battles. The major military defeat, coupled with the near-collapse of the economy caused by the failure of the reform of the gold dollar coupons, made the Kuomintang internally filled with a strong atmosphere of pessimism.Many senior officials in the Kuomintang are already mentally prepared to change hands and go into exile. The Kuomintang began to arrange to transfer the military center to the area south of the Yangtze River. At the same time, it began a series of contingency plans in an attempt to take advantage of the natural danger of the Yangtze River to occupy half of China and win a respite for another comeback.In terms of control, Chiang Kai-shek promulgated a nationwide martial law order, and the Kuomintang-controlled area entered a state of strict military control.Despite this, the society is still in turmoil, prices are soaring, workers are unemployed, many people have left the mainland, arrived in Taiwan, Hong Kong and even went abroad. It's out of control.

Chiang Kai-shek's authority in the Kuomintang was challenged. Some people in the party suggested that Chiang Kai-shek take a break temporarily, stop fighting and advocate peace talks.The United States, which has always supported Chiang Kai-shek, now has the intention of retreating from the whole body, which dealt a heavy blow to Chiang Kai-shek.At that time, the opposition within the Kuomintang, public opinion, and the United States all felt that Li Zongren was a suitable candidate to replace Chiang Kai-shek, and anti-Chiang voices were loud.In view of the heavy pressure, Chiang Kai-shek decided to retire. In order to ensure that he can continue to control the situation after his retirement, Chiang Kai-shek made a series of deployments in terms of personnel.After Li Zongren came to power, there were actually many difficulties.The places where he can exert influence are very limited. In any case, the most urgent problem he needs to solve is to negotiate peacefully with the CCP.

In April 1949, Zhou Enlai and others, on behalf of the Communist Party of China, held negotiations with the Kuomintang government delegation headed by Zhang Zhizhong in Beiping.During the negotiations, the Chinese Communist Party broke the illusion of the Kuomintang's attempt to rule the river, hoping that under a strong offensive, it could put pressure on the Kuomintang and resolve the remnants of the Kuomintang's rule through peaceful means.The Kuomintang strives to maintain half of its country and seeks assistance everywhere without letting go.Chiang Kai-shek's intention to maintain his position and strength in the south of the Yangtze River in order to make a comeback is clear.The two sides are deadlocked, and the negotiations have almost reached a deadlock. On April 15, the CCP delegation sent the "Final Amendment to the Domestic Peace Agreement" to the Kuomintang government delegation.But the Kuomintang government in Nanking refused to accept the agreement, and the negotiations broke down.

The Yangtze River has always been a natural symbol of China's north-south boundary.After being baptized by the failure of the three major battles, the rest of Chiang Kai-shek are some remnants and defeated generals.Chiang Kai-shek occupies the natural danger of the Yangtze River and guards against it.The People's Armed Forces of the Communist Party of China came from the north. Many officers and soldiers are from the north. They are not familiar with water. There is a difference between river warfare and land warfare. For both sides, this is not only a crucial battle, but also a fierce battle. .

At 5 o'clock in the morning on April 21, 1949, the Chinese People's Liberation Army launched the Battle of Crossing the Yangtze River. With almost no enemy to resist, Nanking was liberated on April 23.At this point, the rule of the Nationalist government was overthrown, and the Communist Party continued to pursue and suppress the remnants. By February 1950, the large-scale combat operations of the War of Liberation ended.Almost all mainland China was liberated.At this time, the KMT was already torn apart and full of contradictions.Chiang Kai-shek made the decision to retreat to Taiwan.

At the end of 1949, the remnants of the Kuomintang government huddled in the southwest corner until December 10, 1949, when Chiang Kai-shek flew back to Taipei by special plane. This was the mainland where he left for the last 22 years in power. The Communist Party of China has an original set of theories on nation-building, which Mao Zedong expressed in "On New Democracy", "On Coalition Government", and "On the People's Democratic Dictatorship".Since the beginning of 1949, the Communist Party of China has been preparing for the establishment of the country step by step and in a planned way, supervising the major cities ruled by the Kuomintang.

The Chinese Communist Party took over the city in an orderly manner, and has a preliminary plan for various tasks after the founding of the People's Republic of China.In foreign relations, actively obtain the support of the Soviet Union. In September 1949, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beiping.The meeting was called the New CPPCC to distinguish it from the old CPPCC in Chongqing in 1946. The meeting first determined the establishment of the People's Republic of China.After the founding of the Republic, the AD calendar was adopted.Taiwan refers to AD as Western Yuan. I don’t understand why the year when Jesus was born is AD. China should use the year when Confucius was born as the first year. Now China is 2560, or use the Yellow Emperor Yao, Shun and Yu to record the year.The Chinese translate the birthday of Jesus into Christmas, and Hong Kong and Taiwan translate it into Christmas. Chinese Christmas should be September 28, when Confucius was born.

The meeting adopted the "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference." The "Common Program of the Chinese People's Political Association" is the most important document in the preparation of the new CPPCC. It was written by Zhou Enlai himself and revised after repeated discussions.Before the promulgation of the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" in 1954, the Common Program actually functioned as an interim constitution.The general outline of the program stipulates that the People's Republic of China is a country of new democracy, that is, the people's democratic dictatorship, and the power of the people's democratic united front of the Chinese working class, peasant class, petty bourgeoisie, national bourgeoisie and other patriotic democrats.Implement the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class, based on the alliance of workers and peasants, and unite all democratic classes and all nationalities in the country.The state guarantees the broad democratic rights of the people, and the people have the rights to freedom of thought, speech, publication, association, communication, person, residence, migration, religious belief, and demonstrations.State power in the People's Republic belongs to the people.The program stipulates the government organs, military system, economic system, cultural and educational policies, ethnic policies, and foreign policies.

The meeting elected a national leader, with Mao Zedong as the chairman.The national capital Beiping was renamed Beijing.The five-star red flag is the national flag.The March of the Volunteers is the national anthem.Some people disagree with the use of "the Chinese nation has reached the most dangerous time." After the founding of the country, why is it still in danger?In fact, this is to be prepared for danger in times of peace.All those born in the smoke of gunfire are very pleasant to hear.The American national anthem, the French national anthem, and the Chinese national anthem are beautiful, and they were all born out of artillery fire, which is exciting.

On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.Chairman Mao Zedong of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China solemnly declared to the world on the Tiananmen Gate that the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China was established and the People's Republic of China was born. At this point, I will put on the brakes on the part of modern Chinese history.History is always multi-faceted, sometimes magnificent and sometimes rough.Telling the history, I want to take everyone on a trip. Sometimes there is a flat road ahead, and the vehicles will inevitably make continuous turns, and finally stop abruptly at the driver's place.I still talked about some general history, and I will also come up with some details to touch on. My original intention is always the same, hoping to stimulate more people's interest in history.There must be some omissions, welcome to correct me.Now it's time to talk about world history. World history is a big meal, and it must taste good.

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