Chapter 30 7. There will be a hero in ten years

After the failure of the Great Revolution, the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down, and a ten-year confrontation began. During the period of confrontation and confrontation, the Communist Party of China explored a road to encircle the cities from the countryside, from childishness to maturity. 1. The armed uprising of workers and peasants. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the Communist Party realized that it must confront the Kuomintang through an armed revolution. On August 1, 1927, Zhou Enlai, He Long and others led the army to revolt in Nanchang, firing the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang, and the People's Army led by the Communist Party of China was born in the Nanchang Uprising.The military flag and cap emblem of the People's Liberation Army have the "August 1" logo on many things, which is the symbol of the establishment of the People's Liberation Army.This uprising failed.Subsequently, Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, under the banner of the Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants, attacked Changsha and suffered heavy losses.The Nanchang Uprising and the Autumn Harvest Uprising created a new situation in which the CCP independently led the armed struggle and seized political power.These uprisings all failed, but wasn't it pointless?of course not.

Two, the August 7th meeting.After the Nanchang Uprising, Qu Qiubai convened the August 7th Conference in Hankou to correct Chen Duxiu's right-leaning mistakes, and determined the general policy of carrying out the agrarian revolution and armed resistance to the Kuomintang.The August 7th Conference pointed out a way for the revolution, and this way is to give power out of the barrel of a gun. Three, Sanwan adaptation, to determine the party's absolute leadership.Mao Zedong led the Autumn Harvest Uprising on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi, attacked Changsha, and suffered heavy losses, so he had to retreat to Wenjia City and march to the mountainous area where the enemy was weak.But as soon as he entered the mountain, he was easy to run away. His original unit, the First Division of the First Army of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, had 4 regiments and more than 5,000 people.The Fourth Regiment of Changsha fought against the mutiny, and ran into the mountains in a hurry. After entering the mountains, they even walked all the way. At that time, there were more than 800 people. Mao Zedong decided to carry out the Sanwan adaptation.The Chinese People's Liberation Army has a dual chief officer system even above units, with military chief officers and political chief officers at the same rank.

Since China restored military ranks in 1988, China has not been able to establish the rank of brigadier generals in accordance with foreign countries.If brigadier generals are established, the number of generals in China will exceed 5,000, while the number of generals in the United States will only be a few hundred.In foreign countries, those who wear military uniforms must be fighting. Officers of the People’s Liberation Army visited the U.S. Army and found that the military police of the 82nd Airborne Division of the U.S. Army were female soldiers.Except that artillery, tanks, and submarines are not open to female soldiers, all American fighter pilots are female.In China, Mao Zedong said that the People's Liberation Army is a combat team, a work team, and a propaganda team. We not only have to fight, but also have to propagate.The proportion of Chinese literature and art soldiers is quite large.

In 1997, when Hong Kong was handed over to the motherland, a reporter interviewed the political commissar of the Hong Kong Garrison. There was a sentence that was impressive. The political commissar of the Hong Kong Garrison said: The Chinese People's Liberation Army is the people's armed forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.We have a song called "The People's Army is Loyal to the Party". The Party's absolute leadership over the army began with Sanwan's adaptation. Fourth, the establishment of the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base ignited the spark of the armed separatism of workers and peasants.Jinggangshan belongs to the junction of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces, and it is a three-way zone.The Republic of China has never been unified. At the end of December 1928, Zhang Xueliang announced a change of flag in the northeast, lowered the five-color flag, and raised the blue sky, white sun, and red ground. On the surface, China has completed the reunification, and the blue sky, white sun, and red ground covered the whole country.In fact, the Kuomintang is divided into five factions, Chiang Kai-shek's Central Faction, Zhang Xueliang's Xinfeng Faction, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi's Guangxi Faction, Yan Xishan's Jin Faction, and Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Faction.In addition, there are more local warlords and indigenous warlords, and there are local warlords in Fujian, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Sichuan.The warlords in Sichuan were the most powerful in old China, and the slogan of their melee was to unify all of Sichuan.If there is no money, tax the people.Pay next year's rent first, pay the next year's rent, and you should also pay the next year's rent. In 1930, the land rent was already received in advance in 1970.

The warlord separatist regime has many no-control areas, which are most beneficial for the Communist Party to carry out the revolution.I remember watching a show in the early years, Beijing Nanerhuai Yuting Bridge, Chongwen on the north of the bridge, Fengtai on the south of the bridge, a group of unlicensed vendors under the bridge, the law enforcement team from Chongwen came, they ran to Fengtai, and the law enforcement officers went back, they went back To Fengtai.When interviewed by reporters, they proudly said that this is the enemy's advance and our retreat, guerrilla warfare.Mao Zedong's tactic is "the enemy advances and we retreat."You are ordinary people, so it doesn't matter if you throw away your military uniforms, you won't be able to find the enemy if you are surrounded by a large army. "The enemy is stationed and we are harassing", the enemy army will start to harass you when they are stationed there. Touch a sentry today, kill a sentry tomorrow, and plant a mine.There are many mountains in China, which are most suitable for guerrilla warfare, plain guerrilla warfare, and we fought well in the Anti-Japanese War. The Vietnamese learned from us and invented jungle guerrilla warfare.

5. In China, where the warlords were fighting and separatist, the armed forces of workers and peasants grew stronger and stronger. In 1928, Zhu De and Chen Yi led their troops to join forces with Mao Zedong's Revolutionary Army of Workers and Peasants, and they were jointly organized into the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army.The commander of the Fourth Red Army is Zhu De, and Mao Zedong is the party representative. Later generations use "Zhu Mao" to refer to the Red Army. 6. With the Red Army, the spark of a revolution develops into a prairie fire.By 1930, more than a dozen rural revolutionary bases had been established across the country.Mainly concentrated in the south.

7. The development and growth of the revolutionary base areas has angered the Kuomintang. From 1930 to 1931, the Kuomintang launched three encirclement campaigns against the Central Revolutionary Base.At this time, Li Lisan in the party promoted leftist ideas and formulated an adventurous plan to organize armed uprisings in the central cities of the country and concentrate the Red Army to capture the central cities.Wang Ming exaggerated the proportion of capitalism in China's economy and confused the boundaries between democratic revolution and socialism. He believed that the proletariat can only win the revolution if the democratic revolution firmly opposes the bourgeoisie at this stage.Mao Zedong resolutely resisted and adopted the policy of "avoiding the main force of the enemy, luring the enemy to go deep, and concentrating superior forces to wipe out all enemies", smashing three encirclement and suppression campaigns.Guerrilla warfare is divided into parts, the main force is not engaged in a decisive battle with the enemy, small victories are accumulated into big victories, and mobile warfare is divided into wholes.During the Vietnam War, 12,000 people from the Third Division of the North Vietnamese People's Army, the most elite, traveled thousands of miles south, but the United States could not find it.The method adopted was to break up the whole division into parts and go to the south on foot. Once the cannon was dismantled, you carried it for a while, and he carried it for a while, and disappeared into the vast virgin forest.Gather at the location of the big battle, install the cannons, load the shells, and start shooting. A main division, with more than 10,000 people, will emerge from the ground. This is called mobile warfare.

Concentrate superior forces to wipe out all the enemies. The Kuomintang army stretched out its hands to encircle and suppress, while the Red Army clenched its fists tightly. It is not necessary to smash all ten fingers. 8. At the end of 1931, the Provisional Central Government of the Soviet Republic of China was established, openly fighting against the National Government. 9. The agrarian revolution and the economic construction of the revolutionary base areas. In 1931, Mao Zedong formulated an agrarian revolution line, relying on poor peasants and farm laborers, uniting with middle peasants to limit rich peasants, protecting small and medium-sized industrialists and businessmen, eliminating the landlord class, and changing the feudal and semi-feudal land ownership system into peasant land ownership.This mobilized the revolutionary enthusiasm of the peasants who accounted for the absolute majority of the population in the base areas.

In 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fourth encirclement and suppression campaign.At this time, Wang Ming and Bogu took control of the leadership of the central government, and leftist mistakes dominated, and Mao Zedong was deprived of the leadership of the Central Soviet Army.Wang Ming was 27 years old when he became the general secretary of the Communist Party of China, and he was a student of Pavel Miff, the leader of the Communist International.Mif used to be the president of Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, training the Communist Party of various countries.Wang Ming was able to memorize Marxism-Leninism thoroughly in Russian. Miff believed that he was highly educated in theory, and the Chinese Communist Party needed people with such a high level of theory. Therefore, Wang Ming served as the general secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.Knowing the difficulties in the country, Wang Ming sent his 24-year-old classmate Bogu back to lead the communist movement.

Mao Zedong was good at fighting. Chiang Kai-shek launched the fourth encirclement and suppression campaign. Mao Zedong had already been seized of military power, but Zhou Enlai and Zhu De implemented Mao Zedong's correct military line and repelled the fourth encirclement and suppression campaign. In 1933, the leftist error was fully implemented in the base areas.Leaders forced the Red Army to attack central cities, especially large cities, and unimaginable slogans such as "armed defense of the Soviet Union" abound.The more powerful the enemy is, the more you have to show the existence of the party. The more you are in Wangfujing, the more you spread leaflets, I am the Communist Party, come and catch me, anyway, the spies are worrying about not getting their subsidies.In the same year, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign.Li De, a German, went to a Soviet military academy and commanded a cavalry brigade. There were only a thousand people in the cavalry brigade. This number of people came to China as a military adviser under the order of the Communist International and became the commander-in-chief of the Red Army of 100,000 Workers and Peasants.He didn't understand Chinese, and he couldn't even read a Chinese map. He fought against the enemy's fortress against fortress, and camp for a year.After the failure of the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign, the Red Army embarked on a great 25,000-mile long march.

In 1934, Xiang Ying and Chen Yi led their troops to cover the main force, and the Central Red Army began a strategic shift, which was the Long March. The speed of strategic transfer is fast, there must be pioneers in front, open roads in the mountains, build bridges in the water, and cover behind.As a result, Bo Gu and Li De made the mistake of fleeing. The 86,000 Red Army lost more than half of the Xiangjiang War, and only 30,000 were left. If they want to go further, the entire army will be wiped out.Mao Zedong stood up in time and fought where the enemy was weakest.Guizhou warlord Wang Jialie's troops are the worst troops in China, because they are all two-handed soldiers, and they become addicted to cigarettes when they fight. At that time, you surrendered your gun but did not kill, even the bong and rifle were seized.The Long March originally wanted to go north to join forces with the Red Army in the north, but now it was forced to go around in circles. During the Long March, in January 1935, the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting of the Politburo in Zunyi to correct the leftist mistakes of Bogu and Li De, affirm Mao Zedong’s correct ideas, and establish the leadership of the new Party Central Committee with Mao Zedong as the core.This is the first time that the CCP has independently applied the principles of Marxism to solve its own line, principles and policies, and it is a sign that the party has grown from childishness to maturity.The Chinese Communist Party finally moved away from the guidance of the Comintern and solved its own problems.Mao Zedong commanded the Red Army, crossed the Chishui River four times, then crossed the Jinsha River, forcibly crossed the Dadu River, captured the Luding Bridge, crossed the Jiajin Mountain, crossed the grassland, and entered northern Shaanxi, getting farther and farther away from the Kuomintang. Mao Zedong occasionally got a few outdated newspapers.When I saw it, my eyes lit up. It showed that the Kuomintang army was fighting fiercely with the Red Army under Liu Zhidan and Xie Zichang in northern Shaanxi. Are there any of us in northern Shaanxi?Go there! In October 1935, the Central Red Army joined forces with the Northern Shaanxi Red Army. In October of the following year, the third main force of the Red Army, the Red Second Front Army, the Red Fourth Front Army and the Red First Front Army successfully joined forces in Huining, Gansu Province. At the beginning of the Long March, there were 300,000 Red Army in the whole country, 30,000 remained after the victory, 86,000 when the Central Red Army set off, and 8,000 remained in northern Shaanxi, a loss of 90%, but it is of great significance.After the Long March, the revolution turned from danger to safety.Although the losses were heavy, the essence of the Communist Party of China was preserved. The 30,000 people never fell behind, surrendered, or rebelled amid hardships and hardships.Wherever the Long March passed, the revolutionary fire was sown and had a huge impact.