Chapter 28 5. A fierce battle in the north

After Yuan Shikai's death, the Beiyang warlords split into three factions: Zhi, Anhui, and Feng.After Feng Guozhang's death, Cao Kun and Wu Peifu served as leaders.The main territories are Zhili, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and Hubei provinces.Duan Qirui, the leader of the Anhui Clique, has mastered the territory of Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang, Fujian and other provinces.Zhang Zuolin, the leader of the Feng Faction, occupies the northeast of the territory.The three factions fought endlessly. The direct line and the Anhui line belong to the direct line of Beiyang, the Feng line is a miscellaneous army, and the warlord Zhang Zuolin turned out to be recruited by bandits.Duan Qirui, the leader of the Anhui faction, has always controlled the Beijing government. In 1920, the Zhiwan warlords were black and black, and the Zhili took over the Anhui faction. Duan Qirui stepped down.Two years later, the Zhifeng began to fight in the nest, the first Zhifeng war, the Feng faction was defeated, and the Zhi faction secured its position. In 1924, the Feng faction warlords made a comeback, and the second Zhifeng War broke out. Due to the defection of the Zhijun general Feng Yuxiang, the Fengjun took control of Beijing.

In 1926, the Nationalist Government launched the Northern Expedition, and its main targets were the three warlords Wu Peifu, Sun Chuanfang, and Zhang Zuolin.Sun Chuanfang is the "rising star" of the direct lineage. Wu, Sun, and Zhang have a total of 750,000 troops, and the Northern Expeditionary Army has 100,000 troops, divided into three groups.The combat effectiveness of the Northern Expeditionary Army was quite astonishing.The Northern Expeditionary Army first occupied Hunan, and even conquered Tingsi Bridge and Hesheng Bridge, the important places in Hubei, and occupied Wuchang.On the Lianghu battlefield, Wu Peifu's main force was wiped out.Wu Peifu fled to Sichuan and took refuge under the warlords until returning to Peiping in the 1930s.

In his later years, Wu Peifu had a strong character. After the fall of Beiping, the Japanese established a puppet regime in Beiping and invited Wu Peifu, a veteran of the military circle, to come out of the mountain.Wu Peifu is short of money, but also has a good face and is full of airs.Before the Northern Expedition, Wu Peifu claimed to be the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in Fourteen Provinces. After the failure of the Northern Expedition, Wu Peifu had no thieves to attack, but he still kept the headquarters and continued to serve as the Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces in the Fourteen Provinces. Office, General Affairs Office, Guards, all of them are quite a few.Wu Peifu owns no property, no house, no land, and no money. Relying on donations from friends and subordinates, he is so poor that he can't get rid of the pot and wants to save face.The Japanese felt that Wu Peifu was easy to win over, so a certain chief of the Peiping Secret Service brought Wu Peifu a truckload of silver dollars, 50,000 oceans.Wu Peifu was very happy, and accepted all the orders, chatted with the chief, and bragged to the chief that he could get the plane down with a single chanting of a mantra.The Japanese were dizzy, and before they had time to tell Wu Peifu the purpose of coming, Wu Peifu saw off the guests.Little Japan went back to speculate, and the commander felt that the 50,000 was not enough, so he would give him another 50,000, risk it all, in order to get a puppet regime.The next day, another 50,000 was drawn, and Wu Peifu was even happier. He chatted with him: I checked my family tree and found that I belong to the same family as your Japanese emperor. In terms of seniority, the Japanese emperor should call me uncle. Dare to attack.Chatted for another day, seeing off guests.On the third day, Da Zola from Japan came to Shiwan Dayang, and Wu Peifu chatted with him for a day, but Da Zuo fainted and saw off the guests.Then on the fourth day, the man came again, but the concierge refused to let him in. The commander-in-chief spoke. He was a senior general, and chatting with the little chief for three days was enough to save face.Da Zuo went back and killed himself by caesarean section.

Japan is poor, the poorest and the cheapest among the great powers of all countries. It was able to spend 200,000 oceans.But Little Japan belongs to the type of people who grow up to hate and hold grudges. In 1939, Wu Peifu pulled out his teeth and asked the Japanese to cut off the trachea with a scalpel. In this way, Wu Peifu was killed by the Japanese. The same is true of Cao Kun, Wu Peifu's former senior official and leader of the Zhili warlords.When in Tianjin, a traitor came to the door and asked Cao Kun to come out and organize a puppet regime, but Cao Kun scolded him back.The national government gave great rewards to the national integrity of the two former enemies, and explicitly praised them. After the two died, they were posthumously awarded as first-class army generals.The generals of the Kuomintang are divided into three levels, special level, first level, and second level. There is only one special level general, Chiang Kai-shek, and there are only 10 first-level generals in the mainland. In addition to these 10 living generals, there are 5 posthumous generals Among the five posthumous generals are Beiyang warlords Cao Kun and Wu Peifu.

The Nationalist government treated its former opponents quite generously.Before the fall of Peiping, Duan Qirui came to Nanjing from Peiping in his seventies, and Chiang Kai-shek personally crossed the river to greet him.Duan Qirui used to be the principal of Baoding Military Academy, and Chiang Kai-shek was a student of Baoding Military Academy. In modern China, there was the longest strike in the history of the world labor movement - the provincial and Hong Kong strike.It is the longest in the world, and it lasted for 16 months, so it can be applied for the Guinness Book of Records.This was to support the May 30th anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the Shanghai people, and large-scale strikes broke out in Guangzhou and Hong Kong.

After the May 30th massacre, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China sent people to Hong Kong to organize a strike.When the parade passed Shaji Road, they were suddenly fired by machine guns rented by Shaki from the British and French military police, killing more than 50 people on the spot, seriously injuring more than 170 people, and countless minor injuries. The Shaji tragedy aroused the righteous indignation of the Chinese people. People from all walks of life condemned the crimes of imperialism, and more workers joined the ranks of strikes.By the end of June, the number of strikers in the province and Hong Kong had reached 250,000.The revolutionary government in Guangzhou immediately sent a note to Britain, France and other countries to protest, and announced the severance of diplomatic relations with the British economy, while blocking the sea.In order to effectively lead the strike, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions and the Guangdong District Committee of the Communist Party of China mobilized the striking workers to elect representatives to form the Provincial and Hong Kong Strike Workers Congress as the highest deliberative body for the strike.

The labor movement prepared the mass base for the subsequent Northern Expedition.During the Northern Expedition, many workers sent food and water to the Northern Expedition and provided support. In 1925, the revolutionary government of Guangdong, with the Whampoa student army as the main force, went to the east twice to wipe out Chen Jiongming's rebels.Soon, the Nationalist Government unified Guangdong and Guangxi, laying the foundation for the National Revolutionary Army to launch its Northern Expedition.After the first Eastern Expedition, the Nationalist Government was established in Guangzhou, with Wang Jingwei as its chairman, and the army was reorganized into the National Revolutionary Army.The national army is the abbreviation of the National Revolutionary Army, not the abbreviation of the Kuomintang Army.In this way, with the territory, the rear was consolidated, and the army was reorganized. Eight armies of the National Revolutionary Army and more than 100,000 people completed the reorganization, so that the Northern Expedition could be launched.

The Northern Expeditionary Army marched northward, and Sun Chuanfang's troops were wiped out in Jiangxi. In 1927, the Nationalist Government moved from Guangzhou to Wuhan.In less than half a year, the Fafa Army moved from the Pearl River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin, and the National Government went from living in a corner of Guangdong to occupying half of the country. Feng Yuxiang turned out to be a Zhili warlord, a famous traitorous general in modern Chinese history, and many of his subordinates were also sentenced to him.Feng Yuxiang, a dignified army general, wears soldiers' clothes, big cotton jacket and big cotton trousers, just like soldiers, just let the soldiers eat and wear warm.As long as the leader can lead the army and fight, it doesn't matter what he wears.During the War of Resistance Against Japan, Feng Yuxiang was in Chongqing, and the national government provided him with tableware. British porcelain, he had to use a large coarse porcelain bowl from his hometown in Shandong. One person died transporting this bowl. When the bowl was shipped to Chongqing, the shipping cost would have already exceeded that of British porcelain. Everyone said that General Feng Yuxiang was so simple. Others used British porcelain, but he used Shandong bowls.

With the victory of the Northern Expedition, two of the three major warlords fell, and the people of Hankou and Jiujiang took back the British lease.This is the result of the support of the masses of workers and peasants, as well as the result of the bravery of the soldiers.Especially the Communist Party members. On the battlefield of the Northern Expedition, most of the people who were carried off on stretchers were Communist Party members.The most typical one is the Ye Ting Independent Regiment of the Fourth Army, mainly members of the Communist Party and the Communist Youth League, known as the Iron Army.This regiment has continued to this day, and it is today in the 127th Mechanized Division of the 54th Group Army of the Jinan Military Region.